APRD Survey

Dear Users:

We value your contribution to and use of the Arthropod Pesticide Resistance Database (APRD).

The APRD Team is conducting a Survey to gauge users experiences, our objective is to determine how the database enhances research, and to allow for users to provide feedback, suggestions and requests for potential improvements. Please take the anonymous survey using this link: Link to Survey

Thank you for your Participation,
David Mota-Sanchez
Arthropod Resistance Database Director

plutella xylostella

Profile

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
lepidoptera	plutellidae	diamond-back moth	AG	crucifers, nasturtium

Shown Resistance to Active Ingredient(s)

Citation(s) of Resistance

#	Citation
1	Hen, H., K. Suzuki, and H. Tanaka,. (1992). Inheritance and Stability of Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Formulations of the Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostells (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae)1. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 27(3) 355-362.
2	Iqbal, M., R.H.J. Verkerk, M.J. Furlong, P.C. Ong, S.A., Rahman, and D.J., Wright. (1995). Evidence for Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) subsp. kurstaki HD-1, Bt subsp. aizawai and Abamectin in Field Populations of Plutella xylostella from Malaysia. pesticide science, 48 89-97.
3	Iqbal, M., and D.J. Wright. (1997). Evaluation of resistance, cross-resistance and synergism of abamectin and teflubenzon in a multi-resistant field population of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 87 481-486.
4	Perez, C.J., J.D. Tang, and A.M. Shelton. (1997). Comparison of Leaf-Dip and Diet Bioassays for Monitoring Bacillus thuringiensis resistance in field populations of diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 90(1) 94-101.
5	Perez, C.J., and A.M. Shelton. (1997). Resistance of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner in Central America. Journal of Economic Entomology, 90(1) 87-93.
6	Perez, C.J., A.M. Shelton, and R.T. Roush. (1997). Managing Diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) Resistance to Foliar Applications of Bacillus thuringiensis Testing Strategies in Field Cages. Journal of Economic Entomology, 90(5) 1462-1470.
7	Tang, J.D., H.L. Collins, R. T. Roush, T.D. Metz, E.D. Earle, and A.M. Shelton. (1999). Survival Weight Gain, and Oviposition of Resistant and Susceptible Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) on Brocolli Expressing Cry1Ac Toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis. Journal of Economic Entomology, 92(1) 47-55.
8	Zhao, J.Z., and E. Grafius. (1993). Assessment of Different Bioassay Techniques for Resistance monitoring in the Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 86(4) 995-1000.
9	Shelton, A.M., J.L. Robertson, J.D. Tang, C. Perez, S.D. Eigenbrode, H.K. Preisler, W.T. Wilsey, and R.J. Cooley. (1993). Resistance of Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Subspecies in the Field. Journal of Economic Entomology, 86(3) 697-705.
10	Yu, S.J. (1993). Inheritance of Insecticide Resistance and Microsomal Oxidases in the Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 86(3) 680-683.
11	Shelton, A.M., J.A. Wyman, N.L. Cushing, K. Applebeck, T.J. Dennehy, S.E.R. Mahr, and S.D. Eigenbrode. (1993). Insecticide resistance of Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in North America. Journal of Economic Entomology, 86(1) 11-19.
12	Kao, C.-H., C.-F. Hung, and C.-N. Sun. (1989). Parathion and Methyl Parathion Resistance in Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera:Plutellidae) Larvae. Journal of Economic Entomology, 82(5) 1299-1304.
13	Tabashnik, B.E., N. Finson, and M.W. Johnson. (1991). Managing Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis: Lessons from the Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 84(1) 49-55.
14	Liu, Y.B., B.E. Tabashnik, and M. Pusztai-Carey. (1996). Field-Evolved resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin CryIC in Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera:Plutellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 89(4) 798-804.
15	Magaro, J.J., and J.V. Edelson. (1990). Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in South Texas: A technique for resistance monitoring in the field. Journal of Economic Entomology, 83(4) 1201-1206.
16	Tabashnik, B.E., N.L. Cushing, and M.W. Johnson. (1987). Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) Resistance to Insecticides in Hawaii: Intra-Island Variation and Cross-Resistance. Journal of Economic Entomology, 80(6) 1091-1099.
17	Perng, F.S., M.C. Yao, C.F. Hung, and C.N. Sun. (1988). Teflubenzuron Resistance in Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 81 1277-1282.
18	Perez, C.J., and A.M. Shelton. (1996). Field Applications, Leaf Dip, and Diet Incorporated Diagnostic Assays used against Bacillus thuringiensis-Susceptible and resistant diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 89(6) 1364-1371.
19	Ferre, J., M.D. Real, J. Van Rie, S. Jansens, and M. Peferoen. (1991). Resistance to the Bacillus thuringiensis bioinsecticide in a field population of Plutella xylostella is due to a change in a midgut membrane receptor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, U.S.A., 88 5119-5123.
20	Yu, S.J., and S.N. Nguyen. (1992). Detection and Biochemical Characterization of Insecticide Resistance in the Diamondback Moth. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 44 74-81.
21	Zhao, J.Z., G.D. Thompson, A.M. Shelton, et al. (2002). Monitoring and Characterization of Diamond Back Moth Resistance to Spinosad. Journal Economic Ent., 95(2) 430-436.
22	Shelton, A.M., F.V. Sances, J. Hawley, J.D. Tang, M. Boune, D. Jungers, H.L. Collins, and J. Farias. (2000). Assessment of insecticide resistance after the outbreak of Diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in California in 1997. J. Econ. Entomol., 93(3) 931-936.
23	Mohan, M., and G.T. Gujar. (2003). Local variation in suseptibility of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linaeus) to insecticides and roloe of detoxification enzymes.. Crop Protection, 22 495-504.
24	Sayyed, A.H., D. Omar, and D.J. Wright. (2004). Genetics of Spinosad resistance in a multi-resistant field-selected population of Plutella xyostella. Pest Managment Science, 60 827-832.
25	Baker, G.J., and J. Kovaliski. (1999). Detection of insecticide resistance in Plutella xylostella (L.) (Ledpidoptera: Plutellidae) populations in South Australian crucifer crops.. Australian Journal of Entomology, 38:132- 38:132-.
26	Sayyed, A. S., and D.J. Wright. (2004). Fipronil Resistance in the Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae): Inheritance and Number of Genes Involved. Journal of Economic Entomology, 97(6) 2043-2050.
27	Ninsin, K.D. (2004). Selection for resistance to acetamiprid and various other insecticides in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lep., Plutellidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 128(6) 445-451.
28	Ninsin, K.D. (2004). Acetamiprid resistance and cross-resistance in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella.. Pest Management Science, 60 839-841.
29	Perez, C.J., P. Alvarado, C. Narvaez, F. Miranda, L. Hernandez, H. Vanegas, A. Hruska, and A.M. Shelton. (2000). Assessment of Insecticide Resistance in Five Insect Pests Attacking Field and Vegetable Crops in Nicaragua. Journal of Economic Entomolgy, 93(6) 1779-1787.
30	Sayyed, A.H., Crickmore, N., Wright, D.J. (2001). Cyt1Aa from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis Is Toxic to the Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella, and Synergizes the Activity of Cry 1Ac towards a Resistant Strain. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 67(12) 5859-5861.
31	Mohan, M., Gujar, G.T. (2002). Geographical variation in larval susceptibility of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis spore-crystal mixtures and purified crystal proteins and associated resistance development in India. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 92 489-498.
32	Sayyed, A.H., Naveed, M., Attique, R., Khaliq, A., Wright, D.J. (2005). Inheritance of resistance and cross-resistance to deltamethrin in Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) from Pakistan. Pest Management Science, 61 636-642.
33	Sayyed, A.H., Attique, M.N.R., Khaliq, A. (2005). Stability of field-selected resistance to insecticides in Plutella xylostella (Lep., Plutellidae) from Pakistan. Journal of Applied Entomology, 129 (9/10) 542.
34	Zhao, J.Z., Collins, H.L., Li, Y.X., Mau, R.F.L., Thompson, G.D., Hertlein, M., Andaloro, J.T., Boykin, R., Shelton, A.M. (2006). Monitoring of Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) Resistance to Spinosad, Indoxacarb, and Emamectin Benzoate. Journal of Economic Entomology, 99(1) 176-181.
35	Sayyed, A.H., Wright, D.J. (2001). Cross-resistance and inheritance of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1Ac in diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L) from lowland Malaysia. Pest Management Science, 57 413-421.
36	Hama, H. (1983). Insecticide resistance of the diamondback moth.. Shokubutsu-Boeki., 37 431-76.
37	Hama, H. (1987). Development of pyrethroid resistance in the diamondback moth.. Plutella xylostella Linn (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae). Appl. Entomol. Zool., 22 166-175.
38	Ankersmit, G. W. (1953). DDT resistance in Plutella maculipennis (Curt.) (Lep.) in Java.. Bull. Entomol. Res., 44 421-25.
39	Asakawa, M. (1975). Insecticide resistance in agricultural insect pests of Japan.. Jpn. Pestic. Inf., 23 5-8.
40	Barroga 1974. (1974).
41	Cermeli, M. (1968). In: FAO 1969.
42	Chawla, R. P. and Kalra, R. L. (1976). Studies on insecticide resistance in Plutella xylostella L.. (Diamond back moth). Indian Plant Prot. J., 4 170-80.
43	Cheng, E. Y., Chou, T. M. and Kao, C. H. (1985). Insecticide resistance study in Plutella xylostella.. J. Agric. Res. China., 34 96-104.
44	Cheng, E. Y., Kao, C. H., Lin, D. F. and Tsai, T. C. (1986). Insecticide resistance study in Plutella xylostella (L.): the specificity of oxidative detoxication mechanism in larval stage.. J. Agric. Res. China., 35 375-386.
45	(1967). Report of the First Session of the FAO Working Party of Experts on Resistance of Pests to Pesticides.. FAO, Rome 1965.
46	(1969). Report of the Fourth Session of the FAO Working Party of Experts on Resistance of Pests to Pesticides.. FAO, Rome 1968.
47	Fernando, H. E. 1965. (1965). In: FAO 1967.
48	Henderson, F. C. (1957). Insecticidal control of the diamondback moth (Plutella maculipennis Curt.) on cabbages at Cameron Highlands.. Malay Agric. J., 40 275-79.
49	Herve, J.J. (1980). Personal communication.
50	Ho, S. H., Lee, B. H. and Lee, D. (1983). Toxicity of deltamethrin and cypermethrin to the larvae of the diamond-back moth, Plutella xylostella.. Toxicology Letters., 19 127-31.
51	Iwata, T. (1974). Communication to FAO.
52	Kiritani, K. (1974). Communication to FAO.
53	Lim, G. S. (1974). Integrated pest control in developing countries of Asia.. Paper presented at the SCOPE-UNEP Sump. Environ. Sci. in Developing Countries, Nairobi, Feb., 13 1974.
54	Liu, M.-Y., Tzeng, Y.-J. and Sun, C.-N. (1981). Diamondback moth resistance to several synthetic pyrethroids.. J. Econ. Entomol., 74 393-96.
55	Liu, M. Y., Sun, C. N. and Huang, S. W. (1982). Absence of synergism of DDT by piperonyl butoxide and DMC in larve of the diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae).. J. Econ. Entomol., 75 964-965.
56	Lopez, A. S. (1990). Susceptibilidad a insecticidas en la palomilla dorso de diamante Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) Procedente de Chapingo y dos localidades de la region horticola del Bajio.. Tesis de Maestria, Centro de Entomologia y Acarologia, Montecillo, Mexico.
57	Ma, L.F. (1965). In: FAO 1967.
58	Miyata, T., Kawai, H. and Saito, T. (1982). Insecticide resistance in the diamond back moth, Plutella xylostella L.. (Lepidooptera: Yponomeutidae). Appl. Entomol. Zool., 17 539-42.
59	Miyata, T., Sinchaisri, N., Sayampol, B., Rushtapakornchai, W. and Vattanatangum, A. (1988). Toxicological experiments: Insecticide resistance patterns.. Report meeting of the joint research project. Insect toxicological studies on resistance to insecticides and integrated control of the diamondback moth. March 1988, Bangkok, Thailand..
60	Naylor, A. (1965). In: FAO 1967.
61	Noppun, V., Miyata, T. and Saito, T. (1983). Susceptibility of four strains of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L., against insecticides.. J. Pestic. Sci., 8 595-99.
62	Oka, I.N. (1983). Personal comunication.
63	Sudderuddin, K. I. And Kok, P.-F. (1978). Insecticide resistance in Plutella xylsotella collected from the Cameron Highlands of Malaysia.. FAO Plant Prot. Bull., 26 53-57.
64	Sun 1981. (1981).
65	Sun, C.-N., Wu, T. K., Chen, J. S. and Lee, W. T. (1985). Insecticide resistance in diamondback moth.. Proc. First Intern. Workshop Diamondback Moth Management. ACRDC pub., Shanhua, Taiwan, pp. 359-71.
66	Tang, Z. H., Gong, K. Y. and You, Z. P. (1988). Present status and countermeasures of insecticide resistance in agricultural pests in China.. Pestic. Sci., 23 189-198.
67	Vattanatangum, A. (1988). Recent problems on chemical control of Thailand agricultural insect pests related to insecticide resistance of diamondback moth and other major species.. Report meeting of the joint research project ""Insect toxicological studies on resistance to insecticides and integrated control of the diamondback moth."" March 1988. Bangkok, Thailand..
68	Verma, A. N. and Sandhu, G. S. (1968). Chemical control of diamondback moth, Plutella maculipennis (Curtis).. Jour. Res., 5 420-23.
69	Verma, A. N., Verma, N. D. and Khurana, A. D. (1972). Chemical control of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) infesting cauliflower in Haryana.. Indian J. Ent., 34 206-212.
70	Anon. 1974i. (1974).
71	Anon. 1974j. (1974).
72	Alam 1974c. (1974).
73	Cao, G., and H. Zhaojun. (2006). Tebufenozide resistance selected in Plutella xylostella and its cross-resistance and fitness cost.. Pest Management Science, 62 746-751.
74	Casimiro, S., Coleman, M., Mohloai, P., Hemingway, J., and Sharp, B. (2006). Insecticide Resistance in Anopheles funestus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Mozambique. Journal of Medical Entomology, 43(2) 267-275.
75	Khaliq, A., M.N.R. Attique, and A.H. Sayyed. (2007). Evidence for resistance to pyrethroids and organophosphates in Pluetella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) from Pakistan. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 97 191-200.
76	Khaliq, A., M.N.R. Attique, and A.H. Sayyed. (2007). Evidence for resistance to pyrethroids and organophosphates in Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) from Pakistan. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 97 191-200.
77	Wang, L., Li, X.-F., Zhang, J., Zhao, J.-Z., Wu, Q.-J., Xu, B., and Zhang, Y.-J. (2007). Monitoring of resistance for the diamondback moth to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac and Cry1Ba toxins and a Bt commercial formulation. Journal of Applied Entomology, 131(7) 441-446.
78	Qian, L., Cao, G., Song, J., Yin, Q., and Han, Z. (2008). Biochemical mechanisms conferring cross-resistance between tebufenozide and abamectin in Plutella xylostella. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 91 175-179.
79	Sayyed, A. H., Saeed, S., Noor-UL-Ane, M., and Crickmore, N. (2008). Genetic, Biochemical, and Physiological Characteristics of Spinosad Resistance in Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 101 1658-1666.
80	Balasubramani, V., Sayyed, A. H., and Crickmore, N. (2008). Genetic Characterization of Resistance to Deltamathrin in Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) from India. Journal of Economic Entomology, 101 1911-1918.
81	Liang, P., Gao, X., Zheng, B. (2003). Genetic basis of resistance and studies on cross-resistance in a population of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Pest Management Science, 59 1232-1236.
82	Nehare, S., Ghodki, B.S., Lande, G.K., Pawade, V., and Thakare, A.S. (2010). Inheritance of resistance and cross resistance pattern in indoxacarb-resistant diamondback moth Plutella xylostella L.. Entomological Research, 40 18-25.
83	Eziah, V., Rose, H.A., Clift, A.D., Mansfield, S. (2008). Susceptibility of four field populations of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) to six insecticides in the Sydney region of New South Wales, Australia. Australian Journal of Entomology, 47 355-360.
84	Sayyed, A.H., Moores, G., Crickmore, N., and Wright, D. J. (2008). Cross-resistance between a Bacillus thuringiensis Cry toxin and non-Bt insecticides in the diamondback moth. Pest Management Science, 64 813-819.
85	Sun, J., Liang, P., and Gao, X. (2011). Cross-resistance patterns and fitness in fufenozide-resistant diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Pest Management Science, 68 285-289.
86	Troczka, B., Zimmer, C., Elias, J., Schorn, C., Bass, C., Davies, T.G., Field, L., Williamson, M., Slater, R., and Nauen, R. (2012). Resistance to diamide insecticides in diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is associated with a mutation in the membrane-spanning domain of the ryanodine receptor. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 42 873-880.
87	Zhou, L., Huang, J., and Xu, H. (2011). Monitoring resistance of field populations of diamondback moth Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) to five insecticides in South China: A ten-year case study. Crop Protection, 30 272-278.
88	Wang, X. L., and Wu, Y. D. (2012). High Levels of Resistance to Chlorantraniliprole Evolved in Field Populations of Plutella xylostella. Journal of Economic Entomology, 105 1019-1023.
89	Tabashnik, B., Cushing, N., Finson, N., and Johnson, M. (1990). Field Development of Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 83 1671-1676.
90	Sun, J., Liang, P., and Gao, X. (2010). Inheritance of resistance to a new non-steriodal ecdysone agonist, fufenozide, in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Pest Management Science, 66 406-411.
91	Santos, VC., De Siqueira, HAA., Da Silva, JE., De Farias, MJDC. (2011). Insecticide resistance in populations of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), from the state of Pernambuco, Brazil.. Neotropical Entomology, 40 264-270.
92	Khakame, S. K., Wang, X., and Wu, Y. (2013). Baseline toxicity of metaflumizone and lack of cross resistance between indoxacarb and metaflumizone in diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) . Journal of Economic Entomology, 106 1423-1429.
93	Ribeiro, L. M. S., Wanderley-Teixeira, V., Cunha, F. M., Teixeira, A. A. C., and Siqueira, H. A. A. (2012). Immunological response of resistant and susceptible Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis. Revista Colombiana de Entomologia, 38 208-214.
94	Gong, Y., Wang, C., Yang, Y., Wu, S., and Wu, Y. (2010). Characterization of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1Ac in Plutella xylostella from China. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 104 90-96.
95	Wang, X., Khakama, S., Ye, C., Yang, Y., and Wu, Y. (2013). Characterisation of field-evolved resistance to chlorantraniliprole in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, from China. Pest Management Science, 69 661-665.
96	Wang, R., and Wu, Y. (2014). Dominant fitness costs of abemectin resistance in Plutella xylostella. Pest Management Science.
97	Rahman, M. M., Baker, G., Powis, K. J., Roush, R. T., and Schmidt, O. (2010). Induction and Transmission of Tolerance to the Synthetic Pesticide Emamectin Benzoate in Field and Laboratory Populations of Diamondback Moth. Journal of Economic Entomology, 103(4) 1347-1354.
98	Gong, W., Yan, H., Gao, L., Guo, Y., Xue, C. (2014). Chlorantraniliprole Resistance in the Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 107(2) 806-814.
99	Yeh, S., Lin, C., Chang, C., Feng, H., and Dai, S. (2014). Amino acid substitutions and intron polymorphism of acetylcholinesterase1 associated with mevinphos resistance in diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.). Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 112 7-12.
100	Sonoda, S., Shi, X., Song, D., Liang, P., Gao, X., Zhang, Y., Li, J., Liu, Y., Li, M., Matsumura, M., Sanada-Morimura, S., Minakuchi, C., Tanaka, T., Miyata, T. (2014). Duplication of acetylcholinesterase gene in diamondback moth strains with different sensitivities to acephate. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 48 83-90.
101	Giron-Perez, K., Oliveira, A.L., Teixeira, A.F., Guedes, R.N.C, Pereira, E.J.G. (2014). Susceptibility of Brazilian populations of Diatraea saccharalis to Cry1Ab and response to selection for resistance. Crop Protection, 62 124-128.
102	Xia, Y., Lu, Y., Shen, J., Gao, X., Qiu, H., Li, J. (2014). Resistance monitoring for eight insecticides in Plutella xylostella in central China. Crop Protection, 63 131-137.
103	Ribeiro, L. M. S., Wanderley-Teixeira, V., Ferreira, H. N., Teixeira, A., A., C., and Siqueira, H. A. A. (2014). Fitness costs associated with field-evolved resistance to chlorantraniliprole in Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 104 88-96.
104	Zago, H., Siqueira, H.A.A., Pereira, E.J.G., Picanco, M.C., Barros, R. (2014). Resistance and behavioural response of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) populations to Bacillus thuringiensis formulations. Pest Management Science, 70 488-95.
105	Guo, L., Wang, Y., Zhou, X., Li, Z., Liu, S., Pei, L., and Gau, X. (2014). Functional analysis of a point mutation in the ryanodine receptor of Plutella xylostella (L.) associated with resistance to chlorantraniliprole. Pest Management Science, 70 1083-1089.
106	Yan, H., Xue, C., Zhao, X., Che, X., and Wang, L. (2014). Flubendiamide resistance and Bi-PASA detection of ryanodine receptor G4946E mutation in the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.). Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 115 73-77.
107	Hu, Z., Feng, X., Lin, Q., Chen, H., Li, H., Yin, F., Liang, P., and Gao, X. (2014). Biochemical Mechanism of Chlorantraniliprole Resistance in the Dimondback Moth, Plutella xylostella Linnaeus. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 13 2452-2459.
108	Liu, F., Shi, X., Liang, Y., Wu, Q., Xu, B., Xie, W., Wang, S., Ahang, Y., and Liu N. (2014). A 36-bp deletion in the alpha subunit of glutamate-gated chloride channel contributes to abamectin resistance in Plutella xylostella. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 153 85-92.
109	Guo, L., Liang, P., Zhou, X., and Gao, X. (2014). Novel mutations and mutaition combinations of ryanodine receptor in a chlorantraniliprole resistant population of Plutella xylostella (L.). Scientific Reports, 4.
110	Bautista, M.A.M., Bhandary, B., Wijeratne, A.J., Michel, A.P., Hoy, C.W., and Mittapalli, O. (2015). Evidence for trade-offs in detoxification and chemosensation gene signatures in Plutella xylostella. Pest Management Science, 71 423-432.
111	Wang, X.L., Su, W., Zhang, J.H., Yang, Y.H., Dong, K., and Wu, Y.D. (2015). Two novel sodium channel mutations associated with resistance to indoxacarb and metaflumizone in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. Insect Science 1-9.
112	Jiang, T., Wu, S., Yang, T., Zhu C., and Gao, C. (2015). Monitoring Field Populations of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) for Resistance to Eight Insecticides in China. Florida Entomologist, 98 (No. 1).
113	Liu, X., Wang, H., Ning, Y., Qiao, K., and Wang, K. (2015). Resistance Selection and Characterization of Chlorantraniliprole Resistance in Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology , 108 1978-1985.
114	Wang, X., Wu, S., Gao, W., and Wu, Y. (2016). Dominant Inheritance of Field-Evolved Resistance Fipronil in Plustella Xylostella (Lepidoptea: Plutelellidae. Journal of Economic Entomology , 109 334-338.
115	Liu, X., Ning, Y., Wang, H., and Wang, K. (2015). Cross-resistance, mode of inheritance, synergism, and fitness effects of cyantraniliprole resistance in Plutella xylostella. entomologia experimentalis et applicata 1-8.
116	Yi, C. G., Hieu, T. T., Lee, S. H., Choi, B., Kwon, M., and Ahn, Y. (2015). Toxicity of Lavandula angustifolia oil constituents and spray formulations to insecticide-susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant Plutella xylostella and its endoparasitoid Cotesia glomerata. Pest Management Science .
117	Wang, X., Wang, R., Yang, Y., Wu, S., O'Reilly, A., and Wu, Y. (2015). A point mutation in the glutamate-gated chloride channel of Plutella xyostella is associated with resistance to abamectin. Insect Molecular Biology.
118	Sonoda, S. and Kataoka, Y. (2016). Genotyping for the G4946E site of ryanodine receptor gene in Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Ypononmeutidae) considering gene duplication. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 51 195-204.
119	Zhu, X., Yang, Y., Wu, Q., Wang, S., Xie, W., Guo, Z., Kang, S., Xia, J., and Zhang Y. (2016). Lack of fitness costs and inheritance of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac toxin in a near-isogenic strain of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Pest Management Science , 72 289-297.
120	Wang, J., Wang, X., Lansdell, S., Zhang, J., Millar, N., and Wu, Y. (2016). A three amino acid deletion in the transmembrane domain of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 6 subunit confers high-level resistance to spinosad in Plutella xylostella. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 71 29-36.
121	Zhang, S., Zhang, X., Shen, J., Mao, K., You, H., and Li, J. (2016). Susceptibility of field populations of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, to a selection of insecticides in Central China. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 132 38-46.
122	Agboyi, L., Ketoh, G., Martin, T., Glitho, I., and Tamo, M. (2016). Pesticide resistance in Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) populations from Togo and Benin. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science.
123	Xiuxia, L., Li, R., Zhu, B., Gao, X., and Liang, P. (2018). Overexpression of cytochrome P450 CYP6BG1 may contribute to chlorantraniliprole resistance in Plutella xylostella (L.). Pest Manag Sci, 74 1386–1393.
124	Mallott, M., Hamm, S., Troczka, B.J., Randall, E., Pym, A., Grant, C., Baxter, S., Vogel, H., Shelton, A.M., Field, L.M., Williamson, M.S., Paine, M., Zimmer, C.T., Slater, R., Elias, J., and Bass C. (2019). A flavin-dependent monooxgenase confers resistance to chlorantraniliprole in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 115.
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135	Maryam Zolfaghari and Mohammad Ghadamyari. (2021). Mode of inheritance of chlorpyrifos resistance in diamondback moth. International Journal of Pest Management.
136	Zhu L, Zhang S, Lu F, Zhang K, Han Q, Ying Q, Zhang X, Zhang C, Zhou S and Chen A. (2021). Cross-resistance, fitness costs, and biochemical mechanism of laboratory-selected resistance to tenvermectin A in Plutella xylostella.. Pest Management Science.
137	Zhao S, Jiang D, Wang F, Yang Y, Tabashnik BE and Wu Y. (2021). Independent and Synergistic Effects of Knocking out Two ABC Transporter Genes on Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins Cry1Ac and Cry1Fa in Diamondback Moth. . Toxins.
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Location(s) Where Resistance is Reported

#	Location
1	4 -- Antigua -- 4
2	13 -- Barbados -- 4
3	29 -- China -- 4
4	63 -- Guatemala -- 4
5	67 -- Honduras -- 4
6	70 -- India -- 4
7	71 -- Indonesia -- 4
8	78 -- Jamaica -- 4
9	79 -- Japan -- 4
10	90 -- Malaysia -- 4
11	95 -- Mexico -- 4
12	104 -- Nicaragua -- 4
13	113 -- Philippines -- 4
14	125 -- Singapore -- 4
15	128 -- South Africa -- 4
16	132 -- Sri Lanka -- 4
17	141 -- Taiwan -- 4
18	144 -- Thailand -- 4
19	157 -- USA -- 4
20	159 -- Venezuela -- 4
21	160 -- Vietnam -- 4
22	177 -- USA -- Hawaii -- 4
23	179 -- USA -- Florida -- 4
24	267 -- Thailand -- Bangbuathong -- 4
25	353 -- USA -- California -- Santa Maria -- 4
26	354 -- USA -- California -- Soledad -- 4
27	355 -- USA -- California -- Guadalupe -- 4
28	356 -- USA -- California -- Oxnard -- 4
29	357 -- USA -- California -- Spreckles -- 4
30	358 -- USA -- California -- Coalinga -- 4
31	359 -- USA -- California -- Ocean Cliff -- 4
32	433 -- India -- Tamil Nadu -- T.K. Pudur -- 4
33	434 -- India -- Tamil Nadu -- Kavariammapatti -- 4
34	435 -- India -- Tamil Nadu -- Thangachiammapatti -- 4
35	436 -- India -- Tamil Nadu -- A.G. Pudur -- 4
36	437 -- India -- Tamil Nadu -- Attur -- 4
37	444 -- Malaysia -- Cameron Highlands -- 4
38	488 -- Malaysia -- lab selected -- 4
39	563 -- Japan -- Kobe City -- Iwaoka-cho -- 4
40	569 -- Australia -- South Australia -- Adelaide Plains -- 4
41	570 -- Australia -- South Australia -- Adelaide Hills -- 4
42	576 -- Nicaragua -- Dept. of Masaya -- La Concha -- 4
43	577 -- Nicaragua -- Dept. of Matagalpa -- Sebaco -- 4
44	578 -- Nicaragua -- Dept. of Esteli -- Tisey -- 4
45	579 -- Nicaragua -- Dept. of Jinotega -- Jinotega -- 4
46	580 -- Nicaragua -- Dept. of Esteli -- La Laguna -- 4
47	581 -- Nicaragua -- Dept of Masaya -- La Concha -- 4
48	582 -- Nicaragua -- Dept. of Esteli -- 4
49	645 -- Malaysia -- Cameron Highlands -- Kapang Raja -- 4
50	659 -- India -- Karnataka -- Bangalore -- 4
51	660 -- Malaysia -- Serdang -- 4
52	661 -- India -- Tamil Nadu -- Iruttupallam -- 4
53	662 -- India -- Tamil Nadu -- Ottanchathiram -- 4
54	664 -- India -- Punjab -- Phagwara -- 4
55	665 -- India -- lab selected -- 4
56	713 -- Pakistan -- Multan -- 4
57	714 -- Pakistan -- Multan -- lab selected -- 4
58	841 -- USA -- Georgia -- Camilla -- 4
59	842 -- USA -- Texas -- Rio Grande -- 4
60	843 -- Mexico -- Poblano -- 4
61	927 -- China -- Wuhan Insect Virus Research Institute -- 4
62	1074 -- USA -- New York -- Brockport -- 4
63	1120 -- Pakistan -- Punjab -- Salarwain -- 4
64	1121 -- Pakistan -- Punjab -- Kotla -- 4
65	1122 -- Pakistan -- Punjab -- Budla -- 4
66	1123 -- Pakistan -- Punjab -- Muzaffarabad -- 4
67	1124 -- Pakistan -- Punjab -- Shujabad -- 4
68	1125 -- Pakistan -- Punjab -- Khanewal -- 4
69	1126 -- Pakistan -- Punjab -- Jahanian -- 4
70	1127 -- Pakistan -- Punjab -- Lodhran -- 4
71	1128 -- Pakistan -- Punjab -- Karole -- 4
72	1129 -- Pakistan -- Punjab -- Awan Dahawala -- 4
73	1130 -- Pakistan -- Punjab -- Shariqpur -- 4
74	1131 -- Pakistan -- Punjab -- Nankanian -- 4
75	1132 -- Pakistan -- Punjab -- Qasur -- 4
76	1133 -- Pakistan -- Punjab -- Texla -- 4
77	1134 -- Pakistan -- Punjab -- Nawababad -- 4
78	1135 -- Pakistan -- Punjab -- Hasanabdal -- 4
79	1136 -- Pakistan -- Punjab -- Hazro -- 4
80	1194 -- Pakistan -- Punjab -- Muree -- 4
81	1258 -- China -- Guangdong -- Guangzhou -- 4
82	1259 -- China -- Shanghai -- Hongqiaoqu -- 4
83	1260 -- China -- Shangdong -- Jinan -- 4
84	1261 -- China -- Hunan -- Changsha -- 4
85	1262 -- China -- Guangdong -- Gangzhou -- 4
86	1894 -- Pakistan -- Multan -- 4
87	1895 -- Pakistan -- Multan -- Unselected Strain -- 4
88	1896 -- Pakistan -- Multan -- Spinosad Selected Strain - F12 -- 4
89	1897 -- Pakistan -- Multan -- Spino-Sel Female x Lab-UK Male -- 4
90	1898 -- Pakistan -- Multan -- Lab-UK Female x Spino-SEL Male -- 4
91	1912 -- India -- Tamil Nadu -- Hosur -- 4
92	2474 -- China -- Hebei -- Xuanhua -- 4
93	2598 -- India -- Maharashtra -- Nasik -- field -- 4
94	2667 -- Australia -- New South Wales -- Sydney -- University of Sydney, Darlington Campus -- 4
95	2668 -- Australia -- New South Wales -- Castlereagh -- Castlereagh Road -- 4
96	2669 -- Australia -- New South Wales -- Yaramundi -- Yaramundi Lane -- 4
97	2670 -- Australia -- New South Wales -- Windsor -- Wilberforce Road -- 4
98	3973 -- Malaysia -- Serdang -- 4
99	4206 -- China -- Nanjing Agriculture University -- 4
100	4579 -- France -- Brittany -- 4
101	4593 -- Philippines -- Cebu Island -- Sudlon -- 4
102	4594 -- Thailand -- Bang Bua Thong -- 4
103	4964 -- USA -- Hawaii -- 4
104	5164 -- China -- Shenzhen -- 4
105	5165 -- China -- Guangzhou -- 4
106	5166 -- China -- Gaoyao -- 4
107	5167 -- China -- Shantou -- 4
108	5185 -- China -- Gaozhou -- 4
109	5191 -- China -- Lianzhou -- 4
110	5240 -- China -- Guangdong -- Guangzhou -- Zengcheng -- 4
111	5319 -- Brazil -- Pernambuco -- Bezerros -- 4
112	5320 -- Brazil -- Pernambuco -- Jupi -- 4
113	5324 -- Brazil -- Pernambuco -- Bonito -- 4
114	5930 -- China -- Beijing -- 4
115	5931 -- China -- Shandong -- Jinan -- 4
116	5932 -- China -- Shandong -- Jinan -- 4
117	5933 -- China -- Shandong -- Jinan -- 4
118	5934 -- China -- Shandong -- Jinan -- 4
119	5935 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Kunshan -- 4
120	5936 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Kunshan -- 4
121	5937 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Nanjing -- 4
122	5938 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Nanjing -- 4
123	5939 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Nanjing -- 4
124	5940 -- China -- Anhui -- Hefei -- 4
125	5941 -- China -- Anhui -- Hefei -- 4
126	5942 -- China -- Anhui -- Hefei -- 4
127	5943 -- China -- Hubei -- Wuhan -- 4
128	5944 -- China -- Hubei -- Yichang -- 4
129	5945 -- China -- Guangdong -- Guangzhou -- 4
130	5946 -- China -- Guangdong -- Zengcheng -- 4
131	6554 -- Brazil -- Pernambuco -- Camocin de Sao Felix -- 4
132	6555 -- Brazil -- Pernambuco -- Camocin de Sao Felix -- 4
133	6578 -- China -- Guangdong -- Shenzhen -- 4
134	6579 -- China -- Guangdong -- Shenzhen -- 4
135	6632 -- China -- Guangdong -- Panyu -- 4
136	6633 -- China -- Guangdong -- Panyu -- 4
137	6634 -- China -- Guangdong -- Zhuhai -- 4
138	6635 -- China -- Guangdong -- Zhuhai -- 4
139	6636 -- China -- Guangdong -- Zengcheng -- 4
140	6637 -- China -- Guangdong -- Zengcheng -- 4
141	6672 -- China -- Yunnan -- Tong-hai -- 4
142	6783 -- Australia -- Queensland -- Lowood -- 4
143	6784 -- Australia -- Queensland -- Gatton -- 4
144	6785 -- Australia -- Queensland -- Tenthill -- 4
145	6786 -- Australia -- Queensland -- Tenthill -- 4
146	6858 -- China -- Guangdong -- Guangzhou -- Near BaiYun International Airport -- 4
147	6859 -- China -- Guangdong -- ZengCheng -- 4
148	8697 -- Taiwan -- Sihu -- 4
149	8714 -- Japan -- Kanto -- Tokyo -- Nihon Nohoyaku., Ltd -- 4
150	8715 -- Japan -- Kumamoto -- 4
151	8716 -- Japan -- Shimane -- 4
152	8717 -- China -- Hebei -- Beijing -- Zhongguancun South Road -- 4
153	8872 -- China -- He'nan Province -- Luoyang -- 4
154	8873 -- China -- He'nan Province -- Luoyang -- 4
155	8874 -- China -- He'nan Province -- Luoyang -- 4
156	8875 -- China -- Hu'nan Province -- Yueyang -- 4
157	8876 -- China -- Hu'nan Province -- Yueyang -- 4
158	8877 -- China -- Hu'nan Province -- Yueyang -- 4
159	8878 -- China -- Hubei Province -- Wuxue -- 4
160	8879 -- China -- Hubei Province -- Wuxue -- 4
161	8880 -- China -- Hubei Province -- Wuxue -- 4
162	8881 -- China -- Hubei Province -- Yichang -- 4
163	8882 -- China -- Hubei Province -- Yichang -- 4
164	8883 -- China -- Hubei Province -- Wuxue -- 4
165	8884 -- China -- He'nan Province -- Luoyang -- 4
166	8885 -- China -- He'nan Province -- Luoyang -- 4
167	8886 -- China -- He'nan Province -- Luoyang -- 4
168	8887 -- China -- Hu'nan Province -- Yueyang -- 4
169	8888 -- China -- Hu'nan Province -- Yueyang -- 4
170	8889 -- China -- Hu'nan Province -- Yueyang -- 4
171	8890 -- China -- Hubei Province -- Wuxue -- 4
172	8891 -- China -- Hubei Province -- Wuxue -- 4
173	8892 -- China -- Hubei Province -- Wuxue -- 4
174	8893 -- China -- Hubei Province -- Yichang -- 4
175	8894 -- China -- Hubei Province -- Wuxue -- 4
176	8895 -- China -- Hubei Province -- Wuxue -- 4
177	8896 -- China -- Hu'nan Province -- Yueyang -- 4
178	8897 -- China -- Hu'nan Province -- Yueyang -- 4
179	8898 -- China -- Hubei Province -- Wuxue -- 4
180	8899 -- China -- Hubei Province -- Yichang -- 4
181	8900 -- China -- Hubei Province -- Yichang -- 4
182	8901 -- China -- Hubei Province -- Yichang -- 4
183	8902 -- China -- He'nan Province -- Luoyang -- 4
184	8903 -- China -- He'nan Province -- Luoyang -- 4
185	8904 -- China -- He'nan Province -- Luoyang -- 4
186	8905 -- China -- Hu'nan Province -- Yueyang -- 4
187	8906 -- China -- Hu'nan Province -- Yueyang -- 4
188	8907 -- China -- Hu'nan Province -- Yueyang -- 4
189	8908 -- China -- Hubei Province -- Wuxue -- 4
190	8909 -- China -- Hubei Province -- Wuxue -- 4
191	8910 -- China -- Hubei Province -- Wuxue -- 4
192	8911 -- China -- Hubei Province -- Yichang -- 4
193	8912 -- China -- Hubei Province -- Yichang -- 4
194	8913 -- China -- Hubei Province -- Yichang -- 4
195	8914 -- China -- He'nan Province -- Luoyang -- 4
196	8915 -- China -- Hu'nan Province -- Yueyang -- 4
197	8916 -- China -- Hu'nan Province -- Yueyang -- 4
198	8917 -- China -- Hubei Province -- Yichang -- 4
199	8918 -- China -- Hubei Province -- Yichang -- 4
200	8919 -- China -- He'nan Province -- Luoyang -- 4
201	8920 -- China -- He'nan Province -- Luoyang -- 4
202	8921 -- China -- He'nan Province -- Luoyang -- 4
203	8922 -- China -- Hu'nan Province -- Yueyang -- 4
204	8923 -- China -- Hu'nan Province -- Yueyang -- 4
205	8924 -- China -- Hu'nan Province -- Yueyang -- 4
206	8925 -- China -- Hubei Province -- Wuxue -- 4
207	8926 -- China -- Hubei Province -- Wuxue -- 4
208	8927 -- China -- Hubei Province -- Wuxue -- 4
209	8928 -- China -- Hubei Province -- Yichang -- 4
210	8929 -- China -- Hubei Province -- Yichang -- 4
211	8930 -- China -- Hubei Province -- Yichang -- 4
212	8978 -- Brazil -- Pernambuco -- Camocim de Sao Felix -- 4
213	8989 -- Brazil -- Sao Paulo -- Jaboticabal -- 4
214	8990 -- Brazil -- Minas Gerais -- Sao Joao Del Rei -- 4
215	8991 -- Brazil -- Parana -- Ponta Grossa -- 4
216	8992 -- Brazil -- Espirito Santo -- Domingos Martins -- 4
217	8993 -- Brazil -- Minas Gerais -- Vicosa -- 4
218	8994 -- Brazil -- Pernambuco -- Garanhuns -- 4
219	8995 -- Brazil -- Bahia -- Vitoria da Conquista -- 4
220	8996 -- Brazil -- Espirito Santo -- Vargem Alta -- 4
221	9118 -- China -- Guangdong -- Huizhou -- 4
222	9119 -- China -- Guangdong -- Huizhou -- 4
223	9120 -- China -- Guangdong -- Huizhou -- 4
224	9121 -- China -- Guangdong -- Lianzhou -- 4
225	9122 -- China -- Guangdong -- Lianzhou -- 4
226	9123 -- China -- Guangdong -- Huizhou -- 4
227	9124 -- China -- Guangdong -- Panyu -- 4
228	9184 -- China -- Shandong -- Tai'an City -- Shandong Agricultural University South Campus -- 4
229	9185 -- China -- Guangdong -- Ghangzhou -- Near Guangzhou BaiYun International Airport -- 4
230	9186 -- China -- Guangdong -- ZengCheng -- 4
231	9199 -- China -- Guangdong -- Lianzhou City -- 4
232	9200 -- China -- Guangdong -- Lianzhou City -- 4
233	9237 -- China -- Fujian -- 4
234	9238 -- China -- Yunnan -- Tonghai -- 4
235	9700 -- USA -- Ohio -- Celeryville -- 4
236	10281 -- China -- Guangdong -- Baiyun -- 4
237	10282 -- China -- Guangdong -- Zhuhai -- 4
238	10283 -- China -- Guangdong -- Baiyun -- 4
239	10284 -- China -- Guangdong -- Zengcheng -- 4
240	10285 -- China -- Guangdong -- Huizhou -- 4
241	10286 -- China -- Hainan -- Sanya -- 4
242	10287 -- China -- Anhui -- Hefei -- 4
243	10288 -- China -- Guangdong -- Baiyun -- 4
244	10289 -- China -- Guangdong -- Huizhou -- 4
245	10290 -- China -- Guangdong -- Zengcheng -- 4
246	10291 -- China -- Guangdong -- Baiyun -- 4
247	10292 -- China -- Guangdong -- Baiyun -- 4
248	10293 -- China -- Guangdong -- Baiyun -- 4
249	10313 -- China -- Shanghai -- Baoshan -- 4
250	10314 -- China -- Shanghai -- Chongming -- 4
251	10315 -- China -- Shanghai -- Chongming -- 4
252	10316 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Duchang -- 4
253	10317 -- China -- Guangxi -- Guanyang -- 4
254	10318 -- China -- Guangxi -- Guanyang -- 4
255	10319 -- China -- Guangxi -- Guanyang -- 4
256	10320 -- China -- Anhui -- Hexian -- 4
257	10321 -- China -- Guangdong -- Huizhou -- 4
258	10322 -- China -- Guangdong -- Huizhou -- 4
259	10323 -- China -- Shanghai -- Jinshan -- 4
260	10324 -- China -- Shanghai -- Jinshan -- 4
261	10325 -- China -- Guangxi -- Lingchuan -- -- 4
262	10326 -- China -- Guangxi -- Lingchuan -- 4
263	10327 -- China -- Shanghai -- Minhang -- 4
264	10328 -- China -- Shanghai -- Minhang -- 4
265	10329 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Nanchang -- 4
266	10330 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Nanchang -- 4
267	10331 -- China -- Guangxi -- Nanning -- 4
268	10332 -- China -- Guangxi -- Nanning -- 4
269	10333 -- China -- Guangxi -- Nanning -- 4
270	10334 -- China -- Shanghai -- Pudong -- 4
271	10335 -- China -- Shanghai -- Pudong -- 4
272	10336 -- China -- Shanghai -- Songjiang -- 4
273	10337 -- China -- Guangxi -- Shanglin -- 4
274	10338 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Taihe -- 4
275	10339 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Taihe -- 4
276	10340 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Taihe -- 4
277	10341 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Wanan -- 4
278	10342 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Wuxi -- 4
279	10343 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Wuxi -- 4
280	10344 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Wuxi -- 4
281	10345 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Taihe -- 4
282	10346 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Taihe -- 4
283	10347 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Taihe -- 4
284	10348 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Wuxi -- 4
285	10349 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Wuxi -- 4
286	10350 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Wuxi -- 4
287	10351 -- China -- Shanghai -- Baoshan -- 4
288	10352 -- China -- Shanghai -- Chongming -- 4
289	10353 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Duchang -- 4
290	10354 -- China -- Guangxi -- Guanyang -- 4
291	10355 -- China -- Guangxi -- Guanyang -- 4
292	10356 -- China -- Gangdong -- Huizhou -- 4
293	10357 -- China -- Gangdong -- Huizhou -- 4
294	10358 -- China -- Shanghai -- Jinshan -- 4
295	10359 -- China -- Guangxi -- Lingchuan -- 4
296	10360 -- China -- Shanghai -- Minhang -- 4
297	10361 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Nanchang -- 4
298	10362 -- China -- Shanghai -- Pudong -- 4
299	10363 -- China -- Guangxi -- Sanglin -- 4
300	10364 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Taihe -- 4
301	10365 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Taihe -- 4
302	10366 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Taihe -- 4
303	10367 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Wuxi -- 4
304	10368 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Wuxi -- 4
305	10369 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Wuxi -- 4
306	10370 -- China -- Shanghai -- Baoshan -- 4
307	10371 -- China -- Shanghai -- Chongming -- 4
308	10372 -- China -- Shanghai -- Chongming -- 4
309	10373 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Duchang -- 4
310	10374 -- China -- Guangxi -- Guanyang -- 4
311	10375 -- China -- Guangxi -- Guanyang -- 4
312	10376 -- China -- Guangxi -- Guanyang -- 4
313	10377 -- China -- Anhui -- Hexian -- 4
314	10378 -- China -- Gangdong -- Huizhou -- 4
315	10379 -- China -- Gangdong -- Huizhou -- 4
316	10380 -- China -- Shanghai -- Jinsan -- 4
317	10381 -- China -- Shanghai -- Jinsan -- 4
318	10382 -- China -- Guangxi -- Lingchuan -- 4
319	10383 -- China -- Shanghai -- Minhang -- 4
320	10384 -- China -- Shanghai -- Minhang -- 4
321	10385 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Nanchang -- 4
322	10386 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Nanchang -- 4
323	10387 -- China -- Guangxi -- Nanning -- 4
324	10388 -- China -- Guangxi -- Nanning -- 4
325	10389 -- China -- Shanghai -- Pudong -- 4
326	10390 -- China -- Shanghai -- Pudong -- 4
327	10391 -- China -- Shanghai -- Songjiang -- 4
328	10392 -- China -- Guangxi -- Sanglin -- 4
329	10393 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Taihe -- 4
330	10394 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Taihe -- 4
331	10395 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Taihe -- 4
332	10396 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Wanan -- 4
333	10397 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Wuxi -- 4
334	10398 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Wuxi -- 4
335	10399 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Wuxi -- 4
336	10400 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Duchang -- 4
337	10401 -- China -- Gangdong -- Huizhou -- 4
338	10402 -- China -- Shanghai -- Jinsan -- 4
339	10403 -- China -- Shanghai -- Minhang -- 4
340	10404 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Nanchang -- 4
341	10405 -- China -- Shanghai -- Pudong -- 4
342	10406 -- China -- Guangxi -- Sanglin -- 4
343	10407 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Taihe -- 4
344	10408 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Taihe -- 4
345	10409 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Taihe -- 4
346	10410 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Wuxi -- 4
347	10411 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Wuxi -- 4
348	10412 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Wuxi -- 4
349	10413 -- China -- Shanghai -- Baoshan -- 4
350	10414 -- China -- Shanghai -- Minhang -- 4
351	10415 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Nanchang -- 4
352	10416 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Nanchang -- 4
353	10417 -- China -- Shanghai -- Pudong -- 4
354	10418 -- China -- Guangxi -- Sanglin -- 4
355	10419 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Wuxi -- 4
356	10751 -- China -- Shandong -- 4
357	10804 -- China -- Anhui -- Hefei -- 4
358	10809 -- China -- Anhui -- Hefei -- 4
359	10812 -- China -- Anhui -- Hefei -- 4
360	10890 -- China -- Shandong -- Taian -- 4
361	10891 -- China -- Shandong -- Taian -- 4
362	10892 -- China -- Shandong -- Taian -- 4
363	10893 -- China -- Shandong -- Taian -- 4
364	10894 -- China -- Shandong -- Taian -- 4
365	10895 -- China -- Shandong -- Taian -- 4
366	10896 -- China -- Shandong -- Taian -- 4
367	10897 -- China -- Shandong -- Taian -- 4
368	10898 -- China -- Shandong -- Taian -- 4
369	10899 -- China -- Guangdong -- Zengcheng -- 4
370	10981 -- South Korea -- Jeju -- 4
371	10982 -- South Korea -- Jeju -- 4
372	10983 -- South Korea -- Jeju -- 4
373	10984 -- China -- Yunnan -- Tonghai -- 4
374	11455 -- Japan -- Okayama Prefecture -- Maniwa CIty -- 4
375	11456 -- Japan -- Kumamoto Prefecture -- Yamato Town -- 4
376	11457 -- Japan -- Kumamoto Prefecture -- Yamato Town -- 4
377	11458 -- Japan -- Okayama Prefecture -- Maniwa CIty -- 4
378	11459 -- Japan -- Okayama Prefecture -- Maniwa CIty -- 4
379	11460 -- Japan -- Kumamoto Prefecture -- Yamato Town -- 4
380	11461 -- Japan -- Kumamoto Prefecture -- Yamato Town -- 4
381	11611 -- USA -- Florida -- Loxahatchee -- 4
382	11746 -- China -- Guangdong -- Shenzhen -- 4
383	11747 -- China -- Guangdong -- Shenzhen -- 4
384	11748 -- China -- Guangdong -- Shenzhen -- 4
385	11749 -- China -- Guangdong -- Shenzhen -- 4
386	11750 -- China -- Yunnan -- Yuxi -- 4
387	11751 -- China -- Guangdong -- Guangzhou -- 4
388	11752 -- China -- Guangdong -- Huizhou -- 4
389	11843 -- China -- Hubei -- Yichang -- 4
390	11844 -- China -- Hunan -- Yueyang -- 4
391	11845 -- China -- Hubei -- Yunmeng -- 4
392	11846 -- China -- Henan -- Luoyang -- 4
393	11847 -- China -- Henan -- Luoyang -- 4
394	11848 -- China -- Hubei -- Wuxue -- 4
395	11849 -- China -- Hubei -- Yichang -- 4
396	11850 -- China -- Hunan -- Yueyang -- 4
397	11851 -- China -- Hunan -- Yueyang -- 4
398	11852 -- China -- Hubei -- Yunmeng -- 4
399	11853 -- China -- Henan -- Luoyang -- 4
400	11854 -- China -- Henan -- Luoyang -- 4
401	11855 -- China -- Hubei -- Wuxue -- 4
402	11856 -- China -- Hubei -- Wuxue -- 4
403	11857 -- China -- Hubei -- Yichang -- 4
404	11858 -- China -- Hubei -- Yichang -- 4
405	11859 -- China -- Hunan -- Yueyang -- 4
406	11860 -- China -- Hunan -- Yueyang -- 4
407	11861 -- China -- Hubei -- Yunmeng -- 4
408	11862 -- China -- Hubei -- Yunmeng -- 4
409	11863 -- China -- Henan -- Luoyang -- 4
410	11864 -- China -- Hubei -- Wuxue -- 4
411	11865 -- China -- Hubei -- Wuxue -- 4
412	11866 -- China -- Hubei -- Yichang -- 4
413	11867 -- China -- Hunan -- Yichang -- 4
414	11868 -- China -- Hunan -- Yichang -- 4
415	11869 -- China -- Hubei -- Yunmeng -- 4
416	11870 -- China -- Hubei -- Yunmeng -- 4
417	11871 -- China -- Henan -- Luoyang -- 4
418	11872 -- China -- Henan -- Luoyang -- 4
419	11873 -- China -- Hubei -- Wuxue -- 4
420	11874 -- China -- Hubei -- Wuxue -- 4
421	11875 -- China -- Hubei -- Yichang -- 4
422	11876 -- China -- Hubei -- Yichang -- 4
423	11877 -- China -- Hunan -- Yueyang -- 4
424	11878 -- China -- Hunan -- Yueyang -- 4
425	11879 -- China -- Hubei -- Yunmeng -- 4
426	11880 -- China -- Hubei -- Yunmeng -- 4
427	11881 -- China -- Henan -- Luoyang -- 4
428	11882 -- China -- Henan -- Luoyang -- 4
429	11883 -- China -- Hubei -- Wuxue -- 4
430	11884 -- China -- Hubei -- Wuxue -- 4
431	11885 -- China -- Hubei -- Yichang -- 4
432	11886 -- China -- Hubei -- Yichang -- 4
433	11887 -- China -- Hunan -- Yueyang -- 4
434	11888 -- China -- Hunan -- Yueyang -- 4
435	11889 -- China -- Hubei -- Yunmeng -- 4
436	11890 -- China -- Hubei -- Yunmeng -- 4
437	11951 -- Togo -- Kara -- Kara -- 4
438	11952 -- Benin -- Cotonou -- 4
439	11953 -- Benin -- Cotonou -- 4
440	11957 -- Benin -- Cotonou -- 4
441	12479 -- China -- Beijing -- 4
442	12480 -- China -- Yunnan -- Tonghai -- 4
443	12481 -- China -- Guangdong -- Lianzhou City -- 4
444	12482 -- China -- Guangdong -- Huizhou City -- 4
445	12776 -- USA -- Hawaii -- 4
446	12779 -- Thailand -- Bang Bua Thong -- 4
447	12780 -- Thailand -- Bang Bua Thong -- 4
448	12783 -- USA -- Hawaii -- 4
449	12797 -- China -- Beijing -- 4
450	12864 -- China -- 4
451	12872 -- China -- Guangdong -- Guangzhou -- the town Zhuliao -- 4
452	12885 -- China -- Yueyang -- Hunan -- 4
453	12886 -- China -- Yueyang -- Hunan -- 4
454	12887 -- China -- Yueyang -- Hunan -- 4
455	12888 -- China -- Yueyang -- Hunan -- 4
456	12890 -- China -- Hubei -- 4
457	13216 -- China -- Fujian Province -- 4
458	13217 -- China -- Fujian -- 4
459	13219 -- China -- Hainan -- 4
460	13220 -- China -- Guangdong -- 4
461	13221 -- China -- Guangdong -- 4
462	13222 -- China -- Guangdong -- 4
463	13223 -- China -- Guangdong -- 4
464	13224 -- China -- Hainan -- 4
465	13225 -- China -- Guangdong -- 4
466	13228 -- China -- Guangdong -- 4
467	13229 -- China -- Guangdong -- 4
468	13231 -- China -- Guangdong -- 4
469	13232 -- China -- Hainan -- 4
470	13234 -- China -- Guangdong -- 4
471	13235 -- China -- Guangdong -- 4
472	13237 -- China -- Guangdong -- 4
473	13240 -- China -- Guangdong -- 4
474	13241 -- China -- Hainan -- 4
475	13242 -- China -- Guangdong -- 4
476	13243 -- China -- Guangdong -- 4
477	13245 -- China -- Guangdong -- 4
478	13247 -- China -- Guangdong -- 4
479	13248 -- China -- Guangdong -- 4
480	13249 -- China -- Guangdong -- 4
481	13251 -- China -- Guangdong -- 4
482	13254 -- Brazil -- 4
483	13258 -- China -- Kangbao -- Hebei -- 4
484	13259 -- China -- Ulangab -- Inner Mongolia -- 4
485	13260 -- China -- Jinghai -- Tianjin -- 4
486	13262 -- China -- Changping -- Beijing -- 4
487	13263 -- China -- Midu -- Yunnan -- 4
488	13264 -- China -- Jinghai -- Tianjin -- 4
489	13265 -- China -- Midu -- Yunnan -- 4
490	13266 -- China -- Jinghai -- Tianjin -- 4
491	13267 -- China -- Midu -- Yunnan -- 4
492	13268 -- China -- Midu -- Yunnan -- 4
493	13269 -- China -- Midu -- Yunnan -- 4
494	13271 -- China -- Ulangab -- Inner Mongolia -- 4
495	13272 -- China -- Zhanghei -- Hebei -- 4
496	13278 -- India -- Hosur -- Krishnagiri -- 4
497	13279 -- India -- Hosur -- Krishnagiri -- 4
498	13280 -- India -- Narasipuram -- Coimbatore -- 4
499	13281 -- India -- Hosur -- Krishnagiri -- 4
500	13282 -- India -- Kodaikanal -- Dindigul -- 4
501	13283 -- India -- Ooty -- Nilgiris -- 4
502	13284 -- India -- Hosur -- Krishnagiri -- 4
503	13285 -- India -- Oddanchatram -- Dindigul -- 4
504	13286 -- India -- Talavadi -- Erode -- 4
505	13287 -- India -- Kodaikanal -- Dindigul -- 4
506	13288 -- India -- Kottur -- Theni -- 4
507	13289 -- India -- Ooty -- Nilgiris -- 4
508	13290 -- India -- Narasipuram -- Coimbatore -- 4
509	13291 -- India -- Hosur -- Krishnagiri -- 4
510	13292 -- India -- Oddanchatram -- Dindigul -- 4
511	13293 -- India -- Palladam -- Tirupur -- 4
512	13294 -- India -- Talavadi -- Erode -- 4
513	13295 -- India -- Palacode -- Dharmapuri -- 4
514	13296 -- India -- Kodaikanal -- Dindigul -- 4
515	13297 -- India -- Kottur -- Theni -- 4
516	13298 -- India -- Panruti -- Cuddalore -- 4
517	13299 -- India -- Ooty -- Nilgiris -- 4
518	13300 -- India -- Hosur -- Krishnagiri -- 4
519	13301 -- India -- Oddanchatram -- Dindigul -- 4
520	13302 -- India -- Palladam -- Tirupur -- 4
521	13303 -- India -- Talavadi -- Erode -- 4
522	13304 -- India -- Palacode -- Dharmapuri -- 4
523	13305 -- India -- Kodaikanal -- Dindigul -- 4
524	13306 -- India -- Kottur -- Theni -- 4
525	13307 -- India -- Panruti -- Cuddalore -- 4
526	13316 -- India -- Ooty -- Nilgiris -- 4
527	13317 -- India -- Hosur -- Krishnagiri -- 4
528	13318 -- India -- Oddanchatram -- Dindigul -- 4
529	13319 -- India -- Palacode -- Dharmapuri -- 4
530	13320 -- India -- Kodaikanal -- Dindigul -- 4
531	13321 -- India -- Kottur -- Theni -- 4
532	13322 -- India -- Ooty -- Nilgiris -- 4
533	13323 -- India -- Hosur -- Krishnagiri -- 4
534	13324 -- India -- Kodaikanal -- Dindigul -- 4
535	13325 -- India -- Kottur -- Theni -- 4
536	13326 -- India -- Ooty -- Nilgiris -- 4
537	13327 -- India -- Narasipuram -- Coimbatore -- 4
538	13328 -- India -- Hosur -- Krishnagiri -- 4
539	13329 -- India -- Oddanchatram -- Dindigul -- 4
540	13330 -- India -- Palladam -- Tirupur -- 4
541	13331 -- India -- Talavadi -- Erode -- 4
542	13332 -- India -- Palacode -- Dharmapuri -- 4
543	13333 -- India -- Kodaikanal -- Dindigul -- 4
544	13334 -- India -- Kottur -- Theni -- 4
545	13335 -- India -- Panruti -- Cuddalore -- 4
546	13336 -- India -- Ooty -- Nilgiris -- 4
547	13337 -- India -- Narasipuram -- Coimbatore -- 4
548	13338 -- India -- Hosur -- Krishnagiri -- 4
549	13339 -- India -- Oddanchatram -- Dindigul -- 4
550	13340 -- India -- Palladam -- Tirupur -- 4
551	13341 -- India -- Talavadi -- Erode -- 4
552	13342 -- India -- Palacode -- Dharmapuri -- 4
553	13343 -- India -- Kodaikanal -- Dindigul -- 4
554	13344 -- India -- Kottur -- Theni -- 4
555	13345 -- India -- Panruti -- Cuddalore -- 4
556	13405 -- Iran -- Alborz -- Karaj -- 4
557	13443 -- China -- Guangdong -- 4
558	13494 -- China -- Hubei -- Wuhan -- 4
559	13855 -- USA -- Georgia -- Colquitt County -- 4
560	13856 -- USA -- Florida -- Manatee County -- 4
561	13857 -- USA -- Georgia -- Tift County -- 4
562	13858 -- USA -- Georgia -- Crisp County -- 4
563	13859 -- USA -- Georgia -- Colquitt County -- 4
564	13860 -- USA -- Georgia -- Crisp County -- 4
565	13861 -- USA -- Georgia -- Manatee County -- 4
566	13961 -- China -- Shandong -- 4
567	14176 -- Taiwan -- Changhua -- Fangyuan -- 4
568	14177 -- Taiwan -- Changhua -- Zhutang -- 4
569	14178 -- Taiwan -- Changhua -- Pitou -- 4
570	14179 -- Taiwan -- Douliu -- Yunlin -- 4
571	14180 -- Taiwan -- Liujiao -- Chiayi -- 4
572	14181 -- Taiwan -- Liujiao -- Chiayi -- 4
573	14182 -- Taiwan -- Changhua -- Fangyuan -- 4
574	14183 -- Taiwan -- Changhua -- Zhutang -- 4
575	14184 -- Taiwan -- Changhua -- Pitou -- 4
576	14185 -- Taiwan -- Yunlin -- Douliu -- 4
577	14186 -- Taiwan -- Chiayi -- Liujiao -- 4
578	14187 -- Taiwan -- Kaohsiung -- Luzhu -- 4
579	14188 -- Taiwan -- Changhua -- Fangyuan -- 4
580	14189 -- Taiwan -- Yunlin -- Douliu -- 4
581	14190 -- Taiwan -- Chiayi -- Liujiao -- 4
582	14191 -- Taiwan -- Chiayi -- Liujiao -- 4
583	14192 -- Taiwan -- Changhua -- Fangyuan -- 4
584	14193 -- Taiwan -- Changhua -- Zhutang -- 4
585	14194 -- Taiwan -- Changhua -- Pitou -- 4
586	14195 -- Taiwan -- Yunlin -- Douliu -- 4
587	14196 -- Taiwan -- Chiayi -- Liujiao -- 4
588	14197 -- Taiwan -- Kaohsiung -- Luzhu -- 4
589	14390 -- China -- 4
590	14391 -- China -- 2021-PT -- 4
591	14392 -- China -- 2021-KM -- 4
592	14393 -- China -- 2021-ND -- 4
593	14394 -- China -- 2021-NN -- 4
594	14395 -- China -- 2021-FZ -- 4
595	14396 -- China -- 2021-FZ -- 4
596	14397 -- China -- 2021-DL -- 4
597	14653 -- USA -- 4
598	14654 -- USA -- 4
599	14658 -- USA -- C-NKO -- 4
600	14663 -- USA -- 4
601	14668 -- USA -- N1-3aKO -- 4
602	14695 -- USA -- 4
603	14701 -- Taiwan -- Changhua -- Fangyuan -- 4
604	14702 -- Taiwan -- Changhua -- Zhutang -- 4
605	14703 -- Taiwan -- Changhua -- Zhutang -- 4
606	14704 -- Taiwan -- Yunlin -- Douliu -- 4
607	14705 -- Taiwan -- Chiayi -- Liujiao -- 4
608	14706 -- Taiwan -- Kaohsiung -- Luzhu -- 4
609	14707 -- Taiwan -- Taichung -- Houli -- 4
610	14708 -- Taiwan -- Changhua -- Fangyuan -- 4
611	14709 -- Taiwan -- Changhua -- Zhutang -- 4
612	14710 -- Taiwan -- Changhua -- Pitou -- 4
613	14711 -- Taiwan -- Yunlin -- Douliu -- 4
614	14712 -- Taiwan -- Chiayi -- Liujiao -- 4
615	14713 -- Taiwan -- Kaohsiung -- Luzhu -- 4
616	14714 -- Taiwan -- Changhua -- Fangyuan -- 4
617	14715 -- Taiwan -- Yunlin -- Douliu -- 4
618	14716 -- Taiwan -- Chiayi -- Liujiao -- 4
619	14717 -- Taiwan -- Kaohsiung -- Luzhu -- 4
620	14718 -- Taiwan -- Changhua -- Fangyuan -- 4
621	14719 -- Taiwan -- Changhua -- Zhutang -- 4
622	14720 -- Taiwan -- Changhua -- Pitou -- 4
623	14721 -- Taiwan -- Yunlin -- Douliu -- 4
624	14722 -- Taiwan -- Chiayi -- Liujiao -- 4
625	14723 -- Taiwan -- Kaohsiung -- Luzhu -- 4

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