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APRD Survey

Dear Users:

We value your contribution to and use of the Arthropod Pesticide Resistance Database (APRD).

The APRD Team is conducting a Survey to gauge users experiences, our objective is to determine how the database enhances research, and to allow for users to provide feedback, suggestions and requests for potential improvements. Please take the anonymous survey using this link: Link to Survey

Thank you for your Participation,
David Mota-Sanchez
Arthropod Resistance Database Director

Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: spodoptera frugiperda

Order Family Common Name(s) Group Host
lepidoptera noctuidae fall armyworm AG cotton, grains, grasses, sugarcane

Active Ingredient: Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1F

MOA: Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes (includes transgenic crops), Bacillus thuringiensis (variety unstated)
Group: BAC CAS #: Shaugnessy Code:

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id Year of Report Type of Resistance Location Reference
G21520 2021
Lab selected*

 China--
Yunnan--
Dehong		 Jin, M., Tao, J., Li Q., Cheng Y., Sun X., Wu K., and Xiao Y. (2021). Genome editing of the SfABCC2 gene confers resistance to Cry1F toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis in Spodoptera frugiperda. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 20 815–820.
G20857 2020 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Bahia--
São Desidério		 Boaventura D, Buer B, Hamaekers N, Maiwald F and Nauen R. (2020). Toxicological and molecular profiling of insecticide resistance in a Brazilian strain of fall armyworm resistant to Bt Cry1 proteins. Pest Management Science.
G20676 2020
Lab selected*

 USA Abdelgaffar H, Perera OP and Jurat-Fuentes JL. (2020). ABC transporter mutations in Cry1F-resistant fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) do not result in altered susceptibility to selected small molecule pesticides.. Pest Management Science, 77 949-955.
G20677 2020
Lab selected*

 USA Abdelgaffar H, Perera OP and Jurat-Fuentes JL. (2020). ABC transporter mutations in Cry1F-resistant fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) do not result in altered susceptibility to selected small molecule pesticides.. Pest Management Science, 77 949-955.
G19729 2017
Lab selected*

Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 USA--
Florida		 Yang, F., Kerns, D. L., Head, G., Brown, S., Huang, F. (2017). Susceptibility of Cry1F-maize resistant, heterozygous, and susceptible Spodoptera frugiperda to Bt proteins used in the transgenic cotton. Crop Protection, 98 128-135.
G19934 2018 Field Evolved Resistance
 Argentina--
Chaco--
Avai Terai		 Chandrasena, D.I., Signorini, A.M., Abratti, G., Storer, N.P., Olaciregui, M.L., Alves, A.P. and Pilcher, C.D. (2018). Characterization of field‐evolved resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis‐derived Cry1F δ‐endotoxin in Spodoptera frugiperda populations from Argentina. Pest Management Science, 74 746-754.
G19933 2018 Field Evolved Resistance
 Argentina--
Catamarca--
Los Altos		 Chandrasena, D.I., Signorini, A.M., Abratti, G., Storer, N.P., Olaciregui, M.L., Alves, A.P. and Pilcher, C.D. (2018). Characterization of field‐evolved resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis‐derived Cry1F δ‐endotoxin in Spodoptera frugiperda populations from Argentina. Pest Management Science, 74 746-754.
G19737 2016
Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 USA--
North Carolina--
Plymouth		 Li, G., Reisig, D., Miao, J., Gould, F., Huang, F. and Feng, H. (2016). Frequency of Cry1F non-recessive resistance alleles in North Carolina field populations of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). PLOS ONE, 11.
G19392 2014 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Mato Grosso do Sul--
Douradina		 Farias, J., Horikoshi, R., Santos, A., and Omoto, C. (2014). Geographical and Temporal Variability in Susceptibility to Cry1F Toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Populations in Brazil. Journal of Economic Entomology, 107(6) 2182-2189.
G19756 2014
Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 USA--
North Carolina--
Hyde		 Huang, F., Qureshi, J. A., Meagher Jr., R. L., Reising, D. D., Head, G. P., Andow, D. A., Ni, X., Kerns, D., Buntin, G. D., Niu, Y., Yang, F. and Dangal, V. (2014). Cry1F resistance in fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda: single gene versus pyramided Bt maize. PLOS ONE, 9.
G19393 2014 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Mato Grosso--
Campo Verde		 Farias, J., Horikoshi, R., Santos, A., and Omoto, C. (2014). Geographical and Temporal Variability in Susceptibility to Cry1F Toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Populations in Brazil. Journal of Economic Entomology, 107(6) 2182-2189.
G19394 2014 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Mato Grosso--
Sapezal		 Farias, J., Horikoshi, R., Santos, A., and Omoto, C. (2014). Geographical and Temporal Variability in Susceptibility to Cry1F Toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Populations in Brazil. Journal of Economic Entomology, 107(6) 2182-2189.
G19395 2014 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Goias--
Montividiu		 Farias, J., Horikoshi, R., Santos, A., and Omoto, C. (2014). Geographical and Temporal Variability in Susceptibility to Cry1F Toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Populations in Brazil. Journal of Economic Entomology, 107(6) 2182-2189.
G19396 2014 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Parana--
Palotina		 Farias, J., Horikoshi, R., Santos, A., and Omoto, C. (2014). Geographical and Temporal Variability in Susceptibility to Cry1F Toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Populations in Brazil. Journal of Economic Entomology, 107(6) 2182-2189.
G19397 2014 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Parana--
Rolandia		 Farias, J., Horikoshi, R., Santos, A., and Omoto, C. (2014). Geographical and Temporal Variability in Susceptibility to Cry1F Toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Populations in Brazil. Journal of Economic Entomology, 107(6) 2182-2189.
G19739 2015 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Goias--
Cabeceiras		 Monnerat, R., Martins, E., Macedo, C., Queiroz, P., Praca, L., Soares, C. M., Moreira, H., Grisi, I., Silva, J., Soberon, M. and Bravo, A. (2015). Evidence of field-evolved resistance of Spodoptera frugiperda to Bt corn expressing Cry1F in Brazil that is still sensitive to modified Bt toxins. PLOS ONE, 10.
G19750 2014
Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 USA--
Florida--
Miami-Dade		 Huang, F., Qureshi, J. A., Meagher Jr., R. L., Reising, D. D., Head, G. P., Andow, D. A., Ni, X., Kerns, D., Buntin, G. D., Niu, Y., Yang, F. and Dangal, V. (2014). Cry1F resistance in fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda: single gene versus pyramided Bt maize. PLOS ONE, 9.
G19751 2014
Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 USA--
Florida--
Hendry		 Huang, F., Qureshi, J. A., Meagher Jr., R. L., Reising, D. D., Head, G. P., Andow, D. A., Ni, X., Kerns, D., Buntin, G. D., Niu, Y., Yang, F. and Dangal, V. (2014). Cry1F resistance in fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda: single gene versus pyramided Bt maize. PLOS ONE, 9.
G19752 2014
Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 USA--
Florida--
Collier County		 Huang, F., Qureshi, J. A., Meagher Jr., R. L., Reising, D. D., Head, G. P., Andow, D. A., Ni, X., Kerns, D., Buntin, G. D., Niu, Y., Yang, F. and Dangal, V. (2014). Cry1F resistance in fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda: single gene versus pyramided Bt maize. PLOS ONE, 9.
G19755 2014
Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 USA--
Florida--
Collier County		 Huang, F., Qureshi, J. A., Meagher Jr., R. L., Reising, D. D., Head, G. P., Andow, D. A., Ni, X., Kerns, D., Buntin, G. D., Niu, Y., Yang, F. and Dangal, V. (2014). Cry1F resistance in fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda: single gene versus pyramided Bt maize. PLOS ONE, 9.
G19390 2014 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Mato Grosso--
Sorriso		 Farias, J., Horikoshi, R., Santos, A., and Omoto, C. (2014). Geographical and Temporal Variability in Susceptibility to Cry1F Toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Populations in Brazil. Journal of Economic Entomology, 107(6) 2182-2189.
G19389 2014 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Mato Grosso--
campo Verde		 Farias, J., Horikoshi, R., Santos, A., and Omoto, C. (2014). Geographical and Temporal Variability in Susceptibility to Cry1F Toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Populations in Brazil. Journal of Economic Entomology, 107(6) 2182-2189.
G19388 2014 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Rio Grande do Sul--
Rio Grande do SulSanto Angelo		 Farias, J., Horikoshi, R., Santos, A., and Omoto, C. (2014). Geographical and Temporal Variability in Susceptibility to Cry1F Toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Populations in Brazil. Journal of Economic Entomology, 107(6) 2182-2189.
G19839 2018
Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 Argentina--
Cordoba--
Seeber		 Chandrasena, D.I., Signorini, A.M., Abratti, G., Storer, N.P., Olaciregui, M.L., Alves, A.P. and Pilcher, C.D. (2018). Characterization of field‐evolved resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis‐derived Cry1F δ‐endotoxin in Spodoptera frugiperda populations from Argentina. Pest Management Science, 74 746-754.
G19391 2014 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Mato Grosso do Sul--
Chapadao do Sul		 Farias, J., Horikoshi, R., Santos, A., and Omoto, C. (2014). Geographical and Temporal Variability in Susceptibility to Cry1F Toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Populations in Brazil. Journal of Economic Entomology, 107(6) 2182-2189.
G19382 2014 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Bahia--
Barreiras		 Farias, J., Horikoshi, R., Santos, A., and Omoto, C. (2014). Geographical and Temporal Variability in Susceptibility to Cry1F Toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Populations in Brazil. Journal of Economic Entomology, 107(6) 2182-2189.
G19754 2014
Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 USA--
Florida--
Collier County		 Huang, F., Qureshi, J. A., Meagher Jr., R. L., Reising, D. D., Head, G. P., Andow, D. A., Ni, X., Kerns, D., Buntin, G. D., Niu, Y., Yang, F. and Dangal, V. (2014). Cry1F resistance in fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda: single gene versus pyramided Bt maize. PLOS ONE, 9.
G19753 2014
Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 USA--
Florida--
Alachua		 Huang, F., Qureshi, J. A., Meagher Jr., R. L., Reising, D. D., Head, G. P., Andow, D. A., Ni, X., Kerns, D., Buntin, G. D., Niu, Y., Yang, F. and Dangal, V. (2014). Cry1F resistance in fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda: single gene versus pyramided Bt maize. PLOS ONE, 9.
G16229 2014 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Bahia--
Barreiras		 Farias, J.R., Andow, D.A., Horikoshi, R.J., Sorgatto, R.J., Fresia, P., dos Santos, A.C. and Omoto, C. (2014). Field-evolved resistance to Cry1F maize by Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Brazil. Crop Protection, 64 150-158.
G19749 2014
Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 USA--
Florida--
Hendry		 Huang, F., Qureshi, J. A., Meagher Jr., R. L., Reising, D. D., Head, G. P., Andow, D. A., Ni, X., Kerns, D., Buntin, G. D., Niu, Y., Yang, F. and Dangal, V. (2014). Cry1F resistance in fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda: single gene versus pyramided Bt maize. PLOS ONE, 9.
G19748 2014
Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 USA--
Florida--
Collier County		 Huang, F., Qureshi, J. A., Meagher Jr., R. L., Reising, D. D., Head, G. P., Andow, D. A., Ni, X., Kerns, D., Buntin, G. D., Niu, Y., Yang, F. and Dangal, V. (2014). Cry1F resistance in fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda: single gene versus pyramided Bt maize. PLOS ONE, 9.
G19747 2014
Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 USA--
Georgia--
Tift		 Huang, F., Qureshi, J. A., Meagher Jr., R. L., Reising, D. D., Head, G. P., Andow, D. A., Ni, X., Kerns, D., Buntin, G. D., Niu, Y., Yang, F. and Dangal, V. (2014). Cry1F resistance in fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda: single gene versus pyramided Bt maize. PLOS ONE, 9.
G19746 2014
Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 USA--
Louisiana--
Franklin		 Huang, F., Qureshi, J. A., Meagher Jr., R. L., Reising, D. D., Head, G. P., Andow, D. A., Ni, X., Kerns, D., Buntin, G. D., Niu, Y., Yang, F. and Dangal, V. (2014). Cry1F resistance in fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda: single gene versus pyramided Bt maize. PLOS ONE, 9.
G19745 2014
Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 USA--
Louisiana--
Rapides		 Huang, F., Qureshi, J. A., Meagher Jr., R. L., Reising, D. D., Head, G. P., Andow, D. A., Ni, X., Kerns, D., Buntin, G. D., Niu, Y., Yang, F. and Dangal, V. (2014). Cry1F resistance in fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda: single gene versus pyramided Bt maize. PLOS ONE, 9.
G19744 2014
Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 USA--
Louisiana--
Rapides		 Huang, F., Qureshi, J. A., Meagher Jr., R. L., Reising, D. D., Head, G. P., Andow, D. A., Ni, X., Kerns, D., Buntin, G. D., Niu, Y., Yang, F. and Dangal, V. (2014). Cry1F resistance in fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda: single gene versus pyramided Bt maize. PLOS ONE, 9.
G19741 2014
Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 USA--
Florida--
Collier County		 Huang, F., Qureshi, J. A., Meagher Jr., R. L., Reising, D. D., Head, G. P., Andow, D. A., Ni, X., Kerns, D., Buntin, G. D., Niu, Y., Yang, F. and Dangal, V. (2014). Cry1F resistance in fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda: single gene versus pyramided Bt maize. PLOS ONE, 9.
G19383 2014 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Parana--
Palotina		 Farias, J., Horikoshi, R., Santos, A., and Omoto, C. (2014). Geographical and Temporal Variability in Susceptibility to Cry1F Toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Populations in Brazil. Journal of Economic Entomology, 107(6) 2182-2189.
G19384 2014 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Rio Grande do Sul--
Sao Paulo das Missoes		 Farias, J., Horikoshi, R., Santos, A., and Omoto, C. (2014). Geographical and Temporal Variability in Susceptibility to Cry1F Toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Populations in Brazil. Journal of Economic Entomology, 107(6) 2182-2189.
G19385 2014 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Parana--
Cascavel		 Farias, J., Horikoshi, R., Santos, A., and Omoto, C. (2014). Geographical and Temporal Variability in Susceptibility to Cry1F Toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Populations in Brazil. Journal of Economic Entomology, 107(6) 2182-2189.
G19386 2014 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Bahia--
Sao Desiderio		 Farias, J., Horikoshi, R., Santos, A., and Omoto, C. (2014). Geographical and Temporal Variability in Susceptibility to Cry1F Toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Populations in Brazil. Journal of Economic Entomology, 107(6) 2182-2189.
G19387 2014 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Goias--
Rio Verde		 Farias, J., Horikoshi, R., Santos, A., and Omoto, C. (2014). Geographical and Temporal Variability in Susceptibility to Cry1F Toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Populations in Brazil. Journal of Economic Entomology, 107(6) 2182-2189.
G19735 2016
Lab selected*

Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 Brazil--
Minas Gerais--
Matozinhos and Irai de Minas		 Leite, N. A., Mendes, S. M., Santos-Amaya, O. F., Santos, C. A., Teixeira, T. P. M., Guedes, R. N. and Pereira, E. G. (2016). Rapid selection and characterization of Cry1F resistance in a Brazilian strain of fall armyworm. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 158 236-247.
G19734 2012 Field Evolved Resistance
 Puerto Rico--
Santa Isabel		 Storer, N. P., Kubiszak, M. E., King, J. E., Thompson, G. D., Santos, A. C. (2012). Status of resistance to Bt maize in Spodoptera frugiperda: Lessons from Puerto Rico. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 110 294-300.
G19733 2012 Field Evolved Resistance
 Puerto Rico--
Lajas		 Storer, N. P., Kubiszak, M. E., King, J. E., Thompson, G. D., Santos, A. C. (2012). Status of resistance to Bt maize in Spodoptera frugiperda: Lessons from Puerto Rico. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 110 294-300.
G19758 2017 Field Evolved Resistance
 Puerto Rico Camargo, A. M., Castanera, P., Farinos, G. P., Huang, F. (2017). Comparative analysis of the genetic basis of Cry1F resistance in two strains of Spodoptera frugiperda originated from Puerto Rico and Florida. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 146 47-52.
G19759 2017
Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 USA--
Florida		 Camargo, A. M., Castanera, P., Farinos, G. P., Huang, F. (2017). Comparative analysis of the genetic basis of Cry1F resistance in two strains of Spodoptera frugiperda originated from Puerto Rico and Florida. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 146 47-52.
G18876 2016
Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 Brazil--
Goias--
Morrinhos		 Santos-Amaya, O., Tavares, C., Monteiro, H., Teixeira, T., Guedes, R., Alves, A., and Pereira, E. (2016). Genetic basis of Cry1F resistance in two Brazilian populations of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. Crop Protection, 81 154-162.
G18875 2016
Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 Brazil Santos-Amaya, O., Tavares, C., Monteiro, H., Teixeira, T., Guedes, R., Alves, A., and Pereira, E. (2016). Genetic basis of Cry1F resistance in two Brazilian populations of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. Crop Protection, 81 154-162.
G19732 2012 Field Evolved Resistance
 Puerto Rico--
Santa Isabel		 Storer, N. P., Kubiszak, M. E., King, J. E., Thompson, G. D., Santos, A. C. (2012). Status of resistance to Bt maize in Spodoptera frugiperda: Lessons from Puerto Rico. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 110 294-300.
G19731 2012 Field Evolved Resistance
 Puerto Rico--
Juana Diaz		 Storer, N. P., Kubiszak, M. E., King, J. E., Thompson, G. D., Santos, A. C. (2012). Status of resistance to Bt maize in Spodoptera frugiperda: Lessons from Puerto Rico. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 110 294-300.
G15555 2013
Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 Puerto Rico Velez, A. M., Spencer, T. A., Alves, A. P., Moellenbeck, D., Meagher, R. L., Chirakkal, H., and Siegfried, B. D. (2013). Inheritance of Cry1F resistance, cross-resistance and frequency of resistant alleles in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 103 700-713.
G14708 2010
Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 Puerto Rico Blanco, C., Portilla, M., Jurat-Fuentes, J., Sanchez, J., Viteri, D., Vega-Aquino, P., Teran-Vargas, A., Azuara-Dominguez, A., Lopez, J., Arias, R., Zhu, Y., Lugo-Barrera, D., and Jackson, R. (2010). Susceptibility of Isofamilies of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1Ac and Cry1Fa Proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis. Southwestern Entomologist, 35 409-415.
G14707 2010
Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 Puerto Rico Blanco, C., Portilla, M., Jurat-Fuentes, J., Sanchez, J., Viteri, D., Vega-Aquino, P., Teran-Vargas, A., Azuara-Dominguez, A., Lopez, J., Arias, R., Zhu, Y., Lugo-Barrera, D., and Jackson, R. (2010). Susceptibility of Isofamilies of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1Ac and Cry1Fa Proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis. Southwestern Entomologist, 35 409-415.
G14706 2010
Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 Puerto Rico Blanco, C., Portilla, M., Jurat-Fuentes, J., Sanchez, J., Viteri, D., Vega-Aquino, P., Teran-Vargas, A., Azuara-Dominguez, A., Lopez, J., Arias, R., Zhu, Y., Lugo-Barrera, D., and Jackson, R. (2010). Susceptibility of Isofamilies of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1Ac and Cry1Fa Proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis. Southwestern Entomologist, 35 409-415.
G13431 2010 Field Evolved Resistance
 Puerto Rico--
Sabana Grande		 Storer, N. P., Babcock, J. M., Schlenz, M., Meade, T., Thompson, G. D., Bing, J. W., and Huckaba, R., M. (2010). Discovery and Characterization of Field Resistance to Bt Maize: Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Puerto Rico. Journal of Economic Entomology, 103 (4) 1031-1038.
G13252 2010 Field Evolved Resistance
 Puerto Rico--
Santa Isabel		 Storer, N. P., Babcock, J. M., Schlenz, M., Meade, T., Thompson, G. D., Bing, J. W., and Huckaba, R., M. (2010). Discovery and Characterization of Field Resistance to Bt Maize: Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Puerto Rico. Journal of Economic Entomology, 103 (4) 1031-1038.
G13430 2010 Field Evolved Resistance
 Puerto Rico--
Juana Diaz		 Storer, N. P., Babcock, J. M., Schlenz, M., Meade, T., Thompson, G. D., Bing, J. W., and Huckaba, R., M. (2010). Discovery and Characterization of Field Resistance to Bt Maize: Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Puerto Rico. Journal of Economic Entomology, 103 (4) 1031-1038.
G13429 2010 Field Evolved Resistance
 Puerto Rico Storer, N. P., Babcock, J. M., Schlenz, M., Meade, T., Thompson, G. D., Bing, J. W., and Huckaba, R., M. (2010). Discovery and Characterization of Field Resistance to Bt Maize: Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Puerto Rico. Journal of Economic Entomology, 103 (4) 1031-1038.
*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.
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