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APRD Survey

Dear Users:

We value your contribution to and use of the Arthropod Pesticide Resistance Database (APRD).

The APRD Team is conducting a Survey to gauge users experiences, our objective is to determine how the database enhances research, and to allow for users to provide feedback, suggestions and requests for potential improvements. Please take the anonymous survey using this link: Link to Survey

Thank you for your Participation,
David Mota-Sanchez
Arthropod Resistance Database Director

Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: musca domestica

Order Family Common Name(s) Group Host
diptera muscidae house fly MED

Active Ingredient: imidacloprid

MOA: Nicotinic Acetylcholine receptor agonists / antagonists, Neonicotinoids
Group: NICO CAS #: 138261-41-3 Shaugnessy Code: 129099

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id Year of Report Type of Resistance Location Reference
G20161 2019 Field Evolved Resistance
 Pakistan--
Lahore		 Khan, H. A A. (2019). Characterization of permethrin resistance in a Musca domestica strain: resistance development, cross-resistance potential and realized heritability. Pest Managment Science, Early View.
G16071 2014 Field Evolved Resistance
 Pakistan--
Punjab--
Lahore		 Khan, H.A.A., Akram, W., Ali Shad, S. (2014). Genetics, cross-resistance and mechanism of resistance to spinosad in a field strain of Musca domestica L.(Diptera:Muscidae). Acta Tropica, 130 148-154.
G16130 2014
Lab selected*

Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 USA--
Florida		 Kavi, L.A.K., Kaufman, P., Scott, J. (2014). Genetics and mechanisms of imidacloprid resistance in house flies. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 109 64-69.
G16712 2014 Field Evolved Resistance
 Pakistan--
Punjab--
Multan District		 Abbas, N., Khan, H., and Ali Shad, S. (2014). Cross-Resistance, stability, and fitness cost of resistance to imidacloprid in Musca domestica L., (Diptera: Muscidae). Parasitology Research.
G16714 2014
Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 Pakistan--
Punjab--
Multan District		 Abbas, N., Khan, H., and Ali Shad, S. (2014). Cross-Resistance, stability, and fitness cost of resistance to imidacloprid in Musca domestica L., (Diptera: Muscidae). Parasitology Research.
G10558 2010 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Florida--
Gilchrist, Lafayette, Okeechobee, Alachua		 Kaufman, P.E., Nunez, S.C., Geden, C.J., Scharf, M.E. (2010). Selection for Resistance to Imidacloprid in the House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae). Veterinary Entomology, 103 1937-1942.
G10079 2010 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Florida--
Lafayette		 Kaufman, P.E., Nunez, S.C., Mann, R.S., Geden, C.J., Scharf, M.E. (2010). Nicotinoid and pyrethroid insecticide resistance in houseflies (Diptera: Muscidae) collected from Florida Dairies. Pest Management Science, 66 290-294.
G13701 2012
Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 China--
Beijing		 Li, J., Wang, Q., Zhang, L., Gao, X. (2012). Characterization of imidacloprid resistance in the housefly Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae). Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 102 109-114.
G6463 2000 Unspecified
 USA--
Alabama		 Liu, N. and X. Yue. (2000). Insecticide resistance and cross-resistance in the house fly (Diptera: Muscidae). J. Econ. Entomol., 93(4) 1269-1275.
*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.
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