Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: anopheles gambiae

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
diptera	culicidae	african malaria mosquito	MED

Active Ingredient: dieldrin

MOA: GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists, Cyclodiene organochlorines
Group: CYCLO	CAS #: 60-57-1	Shaugnessy Code: 45001

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G19456	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Ghana-- Bolgatanga-- Bolgatanga	Dery, D. B., Segbaya, S., Asoalla, V., Amoyaw, F., Amoako, N., Agyeman-Budu, A., Oduro, A., Owusu-Agyei, S., and Asante, K. P. (2016). Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) Susceptibility to Insecticides and Knockdown Resistance Genes Prior to Introduction of Indoor Residual Spraying in 11 Districts in Ghana. Journal of Medical Entomology, 53 (6) 1403-1409.
G19457	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Ghana-- Bongo-- Bongo	Dery, D. B., Segbaya, S., Asoalla, V., Amoyaw, F., Amoako, N., Agyeman-Budu, A., Oduro, A., Owusu-Agyei, S., and Asante, K. P. (2016). Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) Susceptibility to Insecticides and Knockdown Resistance Genes Prior to Introduction of Indoor Residual Spraying in 11 Districts in Ghana. Journal of Medical Entomology, 53 (6) 1403-1409.
G19459	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Ghana-- Kassena-Nankana-- Navrongo	Dery, D. B., Segbaya, S., Asoalla, V., Amoyaw, F., Amoako, N., Agyeman-Budu, A., Oduro, A., Owusu-Agyei, S., and Asante, K. P. (2016). Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) Susceptibility to Insecticides and Knockdown Resistance Genes Prior to Introduction of Indoor Residual Spraying in 11 Districts in Ghana. Journal of Medical Entomology, 53 (6) 1403-1409.
G19461	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Ghana-- Builsa-- Sandema	Dery, D. B., Segbaya, S., Asoalla, V., Amoyaw, F., Amoako, N., Agyeman-Budu, A., Oduro, A., Owusu-Agyei, S., and Asante, K. P. (2016). Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) Susceptibility to Insecticides and Knockdown Resistance Genes Prior to Introduction of Indoor Residual Spraying in 11 Districts in Ghana. Journal of Medical Entomology, 53 (6) 1403-1409.
G19464	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Ghana-- Sissala East-- Tumu	Dery, D. B., Segbaya, S., Asoalla, V., Amoyaw, F., Amoako, N., Agyeman-Budu, A., Oduro, A., Owusu-Agyei, S., and Asante, K. P. (2016). Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) Susceptibility to Insecticides and Knockdown Resistance Genes Prior to Introduction of Indoor Residual Spraying in 11 Districts in Ghana. Journal of Medical Entomology, 53 (6) 1403-1409.
G19466	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Ghana-- Nzema East-- Axim	Dery, D. B., Segbaya, S., Asoalla, V., Amoyaw, F., Amoako, N., Agyeman-Budu, A., Oduro, A., Owusu-Agyei, S., and Asante, K. P. (2016). Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) Susceptibility to Insecticides and Knockdown Resistance Genes Prior to Introduction of Indoor Residual Spraying in 11 Districts in Ghana. Journal of Medical Entomology, 53 (6) 1403-1409.
G19468	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Ghana-- Ahanta West-- Agona Nkwanta	Dery, D. B., Segbaya, S., Asoalla, V., Amoyaw, F., Amoako, N., Agyeman-Budu, A., Oduro, A., Owusu-Agyei, S., and Asante, K. P. (2016). Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) Susceptibility to Insecticides and Knockdown Resistance Genes Prior to Introduction of Indoor Residual Spraying in 11 Districts in Ghana. Journal of Medical Entomology, 53 (6) 1403-1409.
G19470	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Ghana-- Prestea Huni Valley-- Bogoso	Dery, D. B., Segbaya, S., Asoalla, V., Amoyaw, F., Amoako, N., Agyeman-Budu, A., Oduro, A., Owusu-Agyei, S., and Asante, K. P. (2016). Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) Susceptibility to Insecticides and Knockdown Resistance Genes Prior to Introduction of Indoor Residual Spraying in 11 Districts in Ghana. Journal of Medical Entomology, 53 (6) 1403-1409.
G15499	2011	Field Evolved Resistance	Congo-- Pointe Noire-- Boutoto	Koekemoer, L. L., Spillings, B. L., Christian, R. N., Lo, T. M., Kaiser, M. L., Norton, R. A. I., Oliver, S. V., Choi, K. S., Brooke, B. D., Hunt, R. H., and Coetzee, M. (2011). Multiple insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) from Pointe Noire, Republic of the Congo. Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 11(8) 1193-1200.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.