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APRD Survey

Dear Users:

We value your contribution to and use of the Arthropod Pesticide Resistance Database (APRD).

The APRD Team is conducting a Survey to gauge users experiences, our objective is to determine how the database enhances research, and to allow for users to provide feedback, suggestions and requests for potential improvements. Please take the anonymous survey using this link: Link to Survey

Thank you for your Participation,
David Mota-Sanchez
Arthropod Resistance Database Director

nilaparvata lugens

Profile

Order Family Common Name(s) Group Host
homoptera delphacidae brown planthopper AG rice

Shown Resistance to Active Ingredient(s)

  1. acetamiprid (#3)
  2. aldrin (#2)
  3. buprofezin (#31)
  4. carbaryl (#10)
  5. carbofuran (#9)
  6. chlorpyrifos (#20)
  7. clothianidin (#35)
  8. DDT
  9. diazinon (#3)
  10. dieldrin (#2)
  11. dinotefuran (#26)
  12. EPN
  13. ethiprole (#41)
  14. etofenprox
  15. fenitrothion
  16. fenobucarb (#8)
  17. fenthion
  18. fipronil (#19)
  19. imidacloprid (#137)
  20. Imidaclothiz (#14)
  21. isoprocarb (#30)
  22. lindane (#3)
  23. malathion (#11)
  24. metolcarb (#3)
  25. monocrotophos (#2)
  26. nitenpyram (#4)
  27. parathion (#2)
  28. parathion-methyl (#2)
  29. permethrin (#2)
  30. propaphos
  31. propoxur
  32. sulfoxaflor
  33. thiamethoxam (#36)
  34. triflumezopyrim

Citation(s) of Resistance

# Citation
1 Zewen, L., H. Zhaojun, W. Yinchang, Z. Lingchun, Z. Hongwei, and L. Chengjun. (2003). Selection for imidacloprid resistance in Nilaparvata lugens: cross-resistance patterns and possible mechanisms. Pest Management Science, 59 1355-1359.
2 Liu, Z., Han, Z. (2006). Fitness costs of laboratory-selected imidacloprid resistance in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stal. Pest Management Science, 62 279-282.
3 Anon. 1974. (1974).
4 Anon. (1969). Intern.. Rice Res. Inst. Annu. Rep. ENT 221-46.
5 Chung, T. C., Sun, C. N. and Hung, C. Y. (1982). Resistance of Nilaparvata lugens to six insecticides in Taiwan.. J. Econ. Entomol., 75 199-200.
6 Fukaya, M. (1968). In: FAO 1969.
7 Heinriches, E.A., A. Chelliah, F. Aquino, M. Arceo, S. Valencia, L. Fabellar. (1977). Insecticide evaluations 1977, Phillippines, Dept.. of Entomol., IRRI pp. 42.
8 Heong, K. L. (1983). Insecticide resistance in grain planthoppers of Malaysia.. Intern. Rice Res. Newsletter., 8 12.
9 Hinckley, A.D. (1968). In: FAO 1969.
10 Ho. D.T. (1984). Personal communication.
11 Iwata, T. (1984). Personal communication.
12 Kilin, D., Nagat, T. and Masuda, T. (1981). Develoopment of carbmate resistance in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stal (Homoptera: Delphacidae).. Appl. Ent. Zool., 16 1-6.
13 Kiritani, K. (1974). Communication to FAO.
14 Ku, T. Y., Wang, S. C. and Hung, P. N. (1977). Resistance status in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stal, to commonly used insecticides in Taiwan.. Taiwan Agric. Quarterly, 13 9-18.
15 Lin, Y.-H, Sun, C.-N. and Feng, H.-T. (1979). Resistance of Nilaparvata lugens to MIPC and MTMC in Taiwan.. J. Econ. Entomol., 79 901-03.
16 Nagata, T. (1969). Resistance to gamma BHC in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stal.. Proc. Assoc. Plant Prot. Kyushu, 15 113-115.
17 Ozaki, K. (1978). Development of insecticide resistance in the brown planthopper.. Paper presented at the 22nd Annu. Meet. Jpn. Soc. Appl. Entomol.
18 Stapley 1974. (1974).
19 Anon. 1974j. (1974).
20 Kimura, Y., Nakazawa, K. and Hosoda, A. (1973). Resistance to BHC in the brown planthopper.. Chugoku Agric. Res., 47 150-51.
21 Wang, Y., Gao, C., Xu, Z., Zhu, Y. C., Zhang, J., Li, W., Dai, D., Lin, Y., Zhou, W., and Shen, J. (2008). Buprofezin susceptibility survey, resistance selection and preliminary determination of the resistance mechanism in Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae). Pest Management Science, 64 1050-1056.
22 Gorman, K., Liu, Z., Denholm, I., Brueggen, K.U., and Nauen, R. (2008). Neonicotinoid resistance in rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. Pest Management Science, 64 1122-1125.
23 Wang, Y., Chen, J., Zhu, Y. C., Ma, C., Huang, Y., and Shen, J. (2008). Susceptibility to neonicotinoids and risk of resistance development in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) (Homoptera: Delphacidae). Pest Management Science, 64 1278-1284.
24 Matsumura, M., Takeuchi, H., Satoh, M., Sanada-Morimura, S., Otuka, A., Watanabe, T., and Van Thanh, D. (2008). Species-specific insecticide resistance to imidacloprid and fipronil in the rice planthoppers Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera in East and South-east Asia. Pest Management Science, 64 1115-1121.
25 Wen, Y., Liu, Z., Bao, H., and Han, Z. (2009). Imidacloprid resistance and its mechanisms in field populations of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stal in China. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 94 36-42.
26 Wang, Y.H., Liu, X.G., Zhu, Y.C, Wu, S.G., Li, S.Y., Chen, W.M., Shen, J.L. (2009). Inheritance mode and realized heritability of resistance to imidacloprid in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) (Homoptera: Delphacidae). Pest Management Science, 65 629-634.
27 Wang, Y.H., Wu, S.G., Zhu, Y.C., Chen, C., Liu, F.Y., Xhao, X.P., Wang, Q., Li, Z., Bo, X.P., Shen, J.L. (2009). Dynamics of imidacloprid resistance and cross-resistance in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 131 20-29.
28 Zhao, X., Ning, Z., He, Y., Shen, J., Su, J., Gao, C., and Cheng Zhu, Y. (2011). Differential Resistance and Cross-Resistance to Three Phenylpyrazole Insecticides in the Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera:Delphacidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 104 (4) 1364-1368.
29 Punyawattoe, P., Han, Z., Sriratanasak, W., Arunmit, S., Chaiwong, J., and Bullangpoti, V. (2013). Ethiprole resistance in Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae): possible mechanisms and cross-resistance. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 48 205-211.
30 Ya-jun, Y., Bi-qin, D., Hong-xing, X., Xu-song, Z., Heong, K. L., and Zhong-xian, L. (2014). Susceptibility to Insecticides and Ecological Fitness in Resistant Rice Varieties of Field Nilaparvata lugens Stal Population Free from Insecticides in Laboratory. Rice Science, 21 181-186.
31 Matsumura, M., Sanada-morimura, S., Otuka, A., Ohtsu, R., Sakumoto, S., Takeuchi, H., and Satoh, M. (2014). Insecticide susceptibilities in populations of two rice planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera, immigrating into Japan in the period 2005 - 2012. Pest Management Science, 70 615-622.
32 Matsumura, M., Sanada-morimura, S., Otuka, A., Ohtsu, R., Sakumoto, S., Takeuchi, H., and Satoh, M. (2014). Insecticide susceptibilities in populations of two rice planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera, immigrating into Japan in the period 2005 - 2012. Pest Management Science, 70 615-622.
33 Min, S., Woo Lee, S., Choi, B., Hyeock Lee, S., and Ho Kwon, D. (2014). Insecticide resistance monitoring and correlation analysis to select appropriate insecticides against Nilaparvata lugens (Stal), a migratory pest in Korea. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 17 711-716.
34 Yang, Y., Dong, B., Xu, H., Zheng, X., Tian, J., Heong, K., and Lu, Z. (2014). Decrease of Insecticide Resistance Over Generations Without Exposure to Insecticides in Nilaparvata lugens (Hemipteran: Delphacidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 107 1618-1625.
35 Garrood, W., Zimmer, C., Gorman, K.;, Nauen, R., Bass, C., and Davies, T. (2015). Field-evolved resistance to imidacloprid and ethiprole in populations of brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens collected from across South and East Asia. Pest Management Science.
36 Zhang, X., Liao, X., Mao, K., Zhang, K., Wan, H., and Li, J. (2015). Insecticide resistance monitoring and correlation analysis of insecticides in field populations of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (stal) in China 2012-2014. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology.
37 Bao, H., Gao, H., Zhang, Y., Fan, D., Fang, J., and Liu Zewen. (2016). The roles of CYP6AY1 and CYP6ER1 in impidacloprid resistance in the brown planthopper: Expression levels and detoxification efficiency. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 129 70-74.
38 Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Yang, Y., Cang, X., Liu, Z. (2016). Expression induction of P450 genes by imidacloprid in Nilaparvata lugens: A genome-scale analysis. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 132 59-64.
39 Suna, X., Gong, Y., Alia, S. and Hou, M. (2018). Mechanisms of resistance to thiamethoxam and dinotefuran compared to imidacloprid in the brown planthopper: Roles of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and a P450 gene CYP6ER1. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology , 150 17-26.
40 Jin, R., Mao, K., Liao, X., Xu, P.,Li, Z., Ali, E., Wan,H., and Li, J. (2019). Overexpression of CYP6ER1 associated with clothianidin resistance in Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) . Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 154 39-45.
41 Mao, K., Zhang, X., Ali, E., Liao, X., Jin, R., Ren, Z., Wan, H., and Li, J. (2019). Characterization of nitenpyram resistance in Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology.
42 Liao, X., Mao, K., Ali, E., Jin, R., Li, Z., Li, W., Li, Z., and Wan, H. (2019). Inheritance and fitness costs of sulfoxaflor resistance in Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). Pest Managment Science, Early View.
43 Sanada-Morimura, S., Fujii, T., Chien, H. O., Cuong, L. Q., Estoy G. F. J., and Matsumura, M. (2019). Selection for imidacloprid resistance and mode of inheritance in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. Pest Managment Science, Early View.
44 Londingkene, J. A., Trisyono, Y. A., Witjaksono, W., and Martono, E. (2016). Relative Fitness and Feeding Capacity of Imidacloprid Resistant Nilaparvata lugens. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia, 20 43-49.
45 Diptaningsari, D., Trisyono, A., Purwantoro, A., and Wijonarko, A. (2019). Inheritance and Realized Heritability of Resistance to Imidacloprid in the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), From Indonesia. Journal of Economic Entomology, 112 1831-1837.
46 Liao, X., Xu, P. F.,Gong P. P., Wan, H., and Li, J. H. (2021). Current susceptibilities of brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens to triflumezopyrim and other frequently used insecticides in China. Insect Science, 28 115-126.
47 Mao, K., Ren, Z., Li, W., Cai1, T., Qin, X., Wan, H., Jin, B. R., He, S., and Li, J. (2020). Carboxylesterase genes in nitenpyram-resistant brown planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens. Insect Science, 00 1-12.
48 Jin, R.,Mao, K., Xu, P. Wang, Y., Liao, X., Wan, H., and Li, J. (2021). Inheritance mode and fitness costs of clothianidin resistance in brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). Crop Protection, 140 105414.
49 Ruoheng Jin, R. Jin, Kaikai Mao, K. Mao, Pengfei Xu, P. Xu, Yue Wang, Y. Wang, Xun Liao, X. Liao, Hu Wan, H. Wan, & Jianhong Li, and J. Li. (2021). Inheritance mode and fitness costs of clothianidin resistance in brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål).. Crop protection, 140.
50 Gao H, Lin X, Yang B, and Liu Z. (2021). The roles of GSTs in fipronil resistance in Nilaparvata lugens: Over-expression and expression induction.. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology.
51 Qin Y, Xu P, Jin R, Li Z, Ma K, Wan H, and Li J. (2021). Resistance of Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) to triflumezopyrim: inheritance and fitness costs. . Pest Management Science, 77 5566-5575.
52 DonoD., WidayaniN. S., IshmayanaS., HidayatY., WidiantiniF., and NasahiC. (2022). Resistance of Nilaparvata lugens to Fenobucarb and Imidacloprid and Susceptibility to Neem Oil Insecticides.. HAYATI Journal of Biosciences, 29 234-244.
53 eng, B., Liu, Y. T., Feng, Z. R., Chen, F. R., Wu, S. F., Bass, C., and Gao, C. F. (2023). The overexpression of cytochrome P450 genes confers buprofezin resistance in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). Pest Management Science, 79(1) 125-133.
54 Zeng, B., Liu, Y. T., Feng, Z. R., Chen, F. R., Wu, S. F., Bass, C., & Gao, C. F. (2023). The overexpression of cytochrome P450 genes confers buprofezin resistance in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål).. Pest management science, 79 125–133.
55 Zhang, Yan-Chao & Yu, Zhi-Tao & Gao, Yang & Ye, Wen-Nan & Peng, Yu-Xuan & Zhang, Shuai & Gao, Congfen. (2023). Dinotefuran resistance in Nilaparvata lugens: resistance monitoring, inheritance, resistance mechanism and fitness costs.. Journal of Pest Science. 1-15.
56 Zeng, B., Chen, F.R., Liu, Y.T., Guo, D., Zhang, Y.J., Feng, Z.R., Wang, L.X., Vontas, J., Wu, S.F., Zhu, K.Y., and Gao, C.F. (2023). A chitin synthase mutation confers widespread resistance to buprofezin, a chitin synthesis inhibitor, in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. Journal of Pest Science, 96 819-832.
57 Zeng, B., Liu, Y. T., Feng, Z. R., Chen, F. R., Wu, S. F., Bass, C., & Gao, C. F. (2023). The overexpression of cytochrome P450 genes confers buprofezin resistance in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). Pest management science, 79.
58 Zeng, B., Liu, Y. T., Feng, Z. R., Chen, F. R., Wu, S. F., Bass, C., & Gao, C. F. (2023). The overexpression of cytochrome P450 genes confers buprofezin resistance in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). Pest management science, 79.

Location(s) Where Resistance is Reported

# Location
1 29 -- China -- 4
2 51 -- Fiji -- 4
3 62 -- Solomon Islands -- Guadalcanal -- 4
4 71 -- Indonesia -- 4
5 79 -- Japan -- 4
6 90 -- Malaysia -- 4
7 113 -- Philippines -- 4
8 126 -- Solomon Islands -- 4
9 141 -- Taiwan -- 4
10 160 -- Vietnam -- 4
11 550 -- China -- Zhejiang -- Jinhua -- 4
12 846 -- China -- Jiangsu -- lab selected -- 4
13 931 -- China -- Anhui -- Hexian -- 4
14 1832 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Nanjing -- 4
15 1869 -- India -- Strain 7 -- 4
16 1870 -- India -- Strain 8 -- 4
17 1871 -- China -- Strain 12 -- 4
18 1872 -- China -- Strain 13 -- 4
19 1873 -- China -- Strain 15 -- 4
20 1874 -- India -- Strain 18 -- 4
21 1875 -- India -- Strain 19 -- 4
22 1876 -- Malaysia -- Strain 20 -- 4
23 1877 -- Thailand -- Strain 21 -- 4
24 1878 -- Thailand -- Strain 22 -- 4
25 1879 -- Vietnam -- Strain 23 -- 4
26 1880 -- Vietnam -- Strain 24 -- 4
27 1881 -- China -- Guangxi -- Nanning -- 4
28 1882 -- China -- Fujian -- Fuqing -- 4
29 1883 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Shanggao -- 4
30 1884 -- China -- Zhejiang -- Jinhua -- 4
31 1885 -- China -- Anhui -- Hexian -- 4
32 1886 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Nanjing -- 4
33 1985 -- China -- Nanjing -- Jiangsu -- 4
34 2082 -- China -- Guangxi -- Nanning -- 4
35 2083 -- China -- Fujian -- Fuqing -- 4
36 2084 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Shanggao -- 4
37 2109 -- Japan -- Kagoshima -- Minamisatsuma -- 4
38 2110 -- Japan -- Saga -- Ureshino -- A -- 4
39 2111 -- Japan -- Saga -- Ureshino -- B -- 4
40 2112 -- China -- Fuijan -- Fuqing -- Rongcheng -- 4
41 2113 -- Taiwan -- Changhua -- Dacun -- 4
42 2114 -- Taiwan -- Chiayi -- Sikou -- 4
43 2115 -- Taiwan -- Hualien -- Fuli -- 4
44 2116 -- Taiwan -- Taitung -- Guanshan -- 4
45 2117 -- Vietnam -- Ha Tay -- Dai Dong -- 4
46 2118 -- Vietnam -- Hai Phong -- An Lao -- 4
47 2119 -- Vietnam -- Tien Giang -- Long Dinh -- 4
48 2120 -- Vietnam -- Tien Giang -- Hoa Ninh -- 4
49 2139 -- China -- Anqing -- 4
50 2140 -- China -- Jiangpu -- 4
51 2141 -- China -- Guilin -- 4
52 2142 -- China -- Wujiang -- 4
53 2198 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Nanjing -- crop fields -- 4
54 2303 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Nanjing -- 4
55 2304 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Tongzhou -- 4
56 2305 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Nanjing -- 4
57 2306 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Tongzhou -- 4
58 3955 -- China -- Anhui -- Hexian -- 4
59 3956 -- China -- Fujian -- Fuqing -- 4
60 3957 -- China -- Hubei -- Xiaongan -- 4
61 3958 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Shanggao -- 4
62 3959 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Tongzhou -- 4
63 3960 -- China -- Zhejiang -- Tongxiang -- 4
64 3961 -- China -- Anhui -- Hexian -- 4
65 3962 -- China -- Fujian -- Fuqing -- 4
66 3963 -- China -- Hubei -- Xiaongan -- 4
67 3964 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Shanggao -- 4
68 3965 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Tongzhou -- 4
69 3966 -- China -- Zhejiang -- Tongxiang -- 4
70 6242 -- Thailand -- Suphanburi -- 4
71 6243 -- Thailand -- Suphanburi -- 4
72 6244 -- Thailand -- Suphanburi -- 4
73 8703 -- China -- Zhejiang -- Hangzhou -- 4
74 8779 -- Japan -- Kumamoto -- Koshi -- 4
75 8780 -- Japan -- Kagoshima -- Minamisatsuma -- 4
76 8781 -- Japan -- Kumamoto -- Koshi -- 4
77 8782 -- Japan -- Nagasaki -- Isahaya -- 4
78 8783 -- Japan -- Kumamoto -- Kikuchi -- 4
79 8784 -- Japan -- Kumamoto -- Koshi -- 4
80 8785 -- Japan -- Kumamoto -- Kikuchi -- 4
81 8786 -- Japan -- Kumamoto -- Koshi -- 4
82 8787 -- Japan -- Kumamoto -- Koshi -- 4
83 8788 -- Japan -- Kumamoto -- Koshi -- 4
84 8789 -- Japan -- Nagasaki -- Isahaya -- 4
85 8790 -- Japan -- Kumamoto -- Koshi -- 4
86 8791 -- Japan -- Kumamoto -- Koshi -- 4
87 8792 -- Japan -- Kumamoto -- Kikuchi -- 4
88 8793 -- Japan -- Kumamoto -- Koshi -- 4
89 8794 -- Japan -- Kumamoto -- Koshi -- 4
90 8795 -- Japan -- Kagoshima -- Minamisatsuma -- 4
91 8796 -- Japan -- Kumamoto -- Koshi -- 4
92 8797 -- Japan -- Nagasaki -- Isahaya -- 4
93 8798 -- Japan -- Kumamoto -- Koshi -- 4
94 8799 -- Japan -- Kumamoto -- Koshi -- 4
95 8800 -- Japan -- Kumamoto -- Kikuchi -- 4
96 8801 -- Japan -- Kumamoto -- Koshi -- 4
97 8802 -- Japan -- Kumamoto -- Koshi -- 4
98 8803 -- Japan -- Kagoshima -- Minamisatsuma -- 4
99 8804 -- Japan -- Kumamoto -- Koshi -- 4
100 8805 -- Japan -- Nagasaki -- Isahaya -- 4
101 8806 -- Japan -- Kumamoto -- Koshi -- 4
102 8807 -- Japan -- Kumamoto -- Koshi -- 4
103 8808 -- Japan -- Kumamoto -- Kikuchi -- 4
104 8809 -- Japan -- Kumamoto -- Koshi -- 4
105 8842 -- South Korea -- Chungcheong -- Boeun -- C_BE -- 4
106 8931 -- South Korea -- Gyeongsang-do -- Chungdo -- G_CD -- 4
107 8932 -- South Korea -- Gyeongsang-do -- Hadong -- G_HD -- 4
108 8933 -- South Korea -- Gyeongsang-do -- Namhae -- G_NH -- 4
109 8934 -- South Korea -- Gyeongsang-do -- Sacheon -- G_SC -- 4
110 8935 -- South Korea -- Jeolla-do -- Jangheung -- J_JH -- 4
111 8936 -- South Korea -- Jeolla-do -- Suncheon -- J_SC -- 4
112 8937 -- South Korea -- Jeolla-do -- Wando -- 4
113 8938 -- South Korea -- Gyeongsang-do -- Goseong -- G_GS -- 4
114 8939 -- South Korea -- Gyeongsang-do -- Haman -- G_HA -- 4
115 8940 -- South Korea -- Gyeongsang-do -- Hadong -- G_HD -- 4
116 8941 -- South Korea -- Gyeongsang-do -- Sacheon -- G_SC -- 4
117 8942 -- South Korea -- Jeolla-do -- Jangheung -- J_JH -- 4
118 8943 -- South Korea -- Jeolla-do -- Suncheon -- J_SC -- 4
119 8944 -- South Korea -- Jeolla-do -- Wando -- J_WD -- 4
120 8945 -- South Korea -- Chungcheong-do -- Boeun -- C_BE -- 4
121 8946 -- South Korea -- Gyeongsang-do -- Chungdo -- G_CD -- 4
122 8947 -- South Korea -- Gyeongsang-do -- Hadong -- G_HD -- 4
123 8948 -- South Korea -- Gyeongsang-do -- Namhae -- G_NH -- 4
124 8949 -- South Korea -- Gyeongsang-do -- Sacheon -- G_SC -- 4
125 8950 -- South Korea -- Jeolla-do -- Wando -- J_WD -- 4
126 8951 -- South Korea -- Chungcheong-do -- Boeun -- C_BE -- 4
127 8952 -- South Korea -- Gyeongsang-do -- Changwon -- G_CW -- 4
128 8953 -- South Korea -- Gyeongsang-do -- Chungdo -- G_CD -- 4
129 8954 -- South Korea -- Gyeongsang-do -- Goseong -- G_GS -- 4
130 8955 -- South Korea -- Gyeongsang-do -- Haman -- G_HA -- 4
131 8956 -- South Korea -- Gyeongsang-do -- Hadong -- G_HD -- 4
132 8957 -- South Korea -- Gyeongsang-do -- Namhae -- G_NH -- 4
133 8958 -- South Korea -- Gyeongsang-do -- Sacheon -- G_SC -- 4
134 8959 -- South Korea -- Jeolla-do -- Haenam -- J_HN -- 4
135 8960 -- South Korea -- Jeolla-do -- Jangheung -- J_JH -- 4
136 8961 -- South Korea -- Jeolla-do -- Suncheon -- J_SC -- 4
137 8962 -- South Korea -- Jeolla-do -- Wando -- J_WD -- 4
138 8963 -- South Korea -- Chungcheong-do -- Boeun -- C_BE -- 4
139 8964 -- South Korea -- Gyeongsang-do -- Changwon -- G_CW -- 4
140 8965 -- South Korea -- Chungcheong-do -- Chungdo -- G_CD -- 4
141 8966 -- South Korea -- Gyeongsang-do -- Goseong -- G_GS -- 4
142 8967 -- South Korea -- Gyeongsang-do -- Haman -- G_HA -- 4
143 8968 -- South Korea -- Gyeongsang-do -- Namhae -- G_NH -- 4
144 8969 -- South Korea -- Gyeongsang-do -- Sacheon -- G_SC -- 4
145 8970 -- South Korea -- Jeolla-do -- Jangheung -- 4
146 9125 -- China -- Zhejiang -- Jinhua -- 4
147 9126 -- China -- Zhejiang -- Jinhua -- 4
148 9127 -- China -- Zhejiang -- Jinhua -- 4
149 9128 -- China -- Zhejiang -- Jinhua -- 4
150 9745 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Nanjing -- 4
151 9746 -- India -- Karnataka -- Ballary District -- 4
152 9747 -- India -- Andhra Pradesh -- West Godavari District -- 4
153 9748 -- India -- Andhra Pradesh -- East Godavari District -- 4
154 9749 -- India -- Andhra Pradesh -- East Godavari -- 4
155 9750 -- India -- West Bengal -- West Medinapuri -- 4
156 9751 -- Thailand -- 4
157 9752 -- India -- East India -- Sindhanoor -- 4
158 9753 -- China -- Guangxi Province -- Nanning City -- 4
159 9754 -- China -- Jiangsu Province -- Danyang City -- 4
160 9755 -- India -- Karnataka -- Koppal District -- 4
161 9756 -- China -- Jiangsu Province -- Danyang City -- 4
162 9757 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Nanchang -- 4
163 9758 -- China -- Guandong Province -- Foshan City -- 4
164 9813 -- Thailand -- Suphanburi -- Samchuk -- 4
165 9814 -- Thailand -- Suphanburi -- Samchuk -- 4
166 9815 -- Vietnam -- Long An -- Tantru -- 4
167 9816 -- Thailand -- 4
168 9817 -- Indonesia -- West Java -- Subang -- 4
169 9818 -- India -- Karnataka -- 4
170 9819 -- China -- Guangxi -- Nanning city -- 4
171 9820 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Danyang City -- 4
172 9821 -- China -- Huebi -- Wuhan -- 4
173 9822 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Fengxin -- 4
174 9823 -- Indonesia -- East Java -- 4
175 9824 -- Indonesia -- Central Java -- Gabus Pati -- 4
176 9825 -- Thailand -- Suphanburi -- Sriprachan -- 4
177 9826 -- Vietnam -- Long An -- Tantru -- 4
178 9827 -- Thailand -- 4
179 9828 -- Indonesia -- West Java -- Subang -- 4
180 9829 -- China -- Guangxi -- Nanning city -- 4
181 9830 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Danyang City -- 4
182 9831 -- China -- Huebi -- Wuhan -- 4
183 9832 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Fengxin -- 4
184 9833 -- Indonesia -- Central Java -- Gabus Pati -- 4
185 10578 -- China -- Hubei -- Zhijiang -- 4
186 10579 -- China -- Hubei -- Zhijiang -- 4
187 10580 -- China -- Hubei -- Zhijiang -- 4
188 10581 -- China -- Guangdong -- Shaoguan -- 4
189 10582 -- China -- Guangdong -- Shaoguan -- 4
190 10583 -- China -- Guangdong -- Shaoguan -- 4
191 10584 -- China -- Zhejiang -- Fuyang -- 4
192 10585 -- China -- Zhejiang -- Fuyang -- 4
193 10586 -- China -- Zhejiang -- Fuyang -- 4
194 10587 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Nanchang -- 4
195 10588 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Nanchang -- 4
196 10589 -- China -- Hunan -- Ningxiang -- 4
197 10590 -- China -- Hunan -- Ningxiang -- 4
198 10591 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Wuxi -- 4
199 10592 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Wuxi -- 4
200 10593 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Wuxi -- 4
201 10594 -- China -- Guangxi -- Nanning -- 4
202 10595 -- China -- Guangxi -- Nanning -- 4
203 10596 -- China -- Guangxi -- Nanning -- 4
204 10597 -- China -- Anhui -- Hefei -- 4
205 10598 -- China -- Anhui -- Hefei -- 4
206 10599 -- China -- Hubei -- Zhijiang -- 4
207 10600 -- China -- Hubei -- Zhijiang -- 4
208 10601 -- China -- Hubei -- Zhijiang -- 4
209 10602 -- China -- Guangdong -- Shaoguan -- 4
210 10603 -- China -- Guangdong -- Shaoguan -- 4
211 10604 -- China -- Guangdong -- Shaoguan -- 4
212 10605 -- China -- Zhejiang -- Fuyang -- 4
213 10606 -- China -- Zhejiang -- Fuyang -- 4
214 10607 -- China -- Zhejiang -- Fuyang -- 4
215 10608 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Nanchang -- 4
216 10609 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Nanchang -- 4
217 10610 -- China -- Hunan -- Ningxiang -- 4
218 10611 -- China -- Hunan -- Ningxiang -- 4
219 10612 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Wuxi -- 4
220 10613 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Wuxi -- 4
221 10614 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Wuxi -- 4
222 10615 -- China -- Guangxi -- Nanning -- 4
223 10616 -- China -- Guangxi -- Nanning -- 4
224 10617 -- China -- Guangxi -- Nanning -- 4
225 10618 -- China -- Anhui -- Hefei -- 4
226 10619 -- China -- Anhui -- Hefei -- 4
227 10620 -- China -- Guangdong -- Shaoguan -- 4
228 10621 -- China -- Guangxi -- Nanning -- 4
229 10622 -- China -- Guangdong -- Shaoguan -- 4
230 10623 -- China -- Hubei -- Zhijiang -- 4
231 10624 -- China -- Hubei -- Zhijiang -- 4
232 10625 -- China -- Hubei -- Zhijiang -- 4
233 10626 -- China -- Guangdong -- Shaoguan -- 4
234 10627 -- China -- Guangdong -- Shaoguan -- 4
235 10628 -- China -- Guangdong -- Shaoguan -- 4
236 10629 -- China -- Zhejiang -- Fuyang -- 4
237 10630 -- China -- Zhejiang -- Fuyang -- 4
238 10631 -- China -- Zhejiang -- Fuyang -- 4
239 10632 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Nanchang -- 4
240 10633 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Nanchang -- 4
241 10634 -- China -- Hunan -- Ningxiang -- 4
242 10635 -- China -- Hunan -- Ningxiang -- 4
243 10636 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Wuxi -- 4
244 10637 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Wuxi -- 4
245 10638 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Wuxi -- 4
246 10639 -- China -- Guangxi -- Nanning -- 4
247 10640 -- China -- Guangxi -- Nanning -- 4
248 10641 -- China -- Guangxi -- Nanning -- 4
249 10642 -- China -- Anhui -- Hefei -- 4
250 10643 -- China -- Anhui -- Hefei -- 4
251 10644 -- China -- Hubei -- Zhijiang -- 4
252 10645 -- China -- Hubei -- Zhijiang -- 4
253 10646 -- China -- Hubei -- Zhijiang -- 4
254 10647 -- China -- Guangdong -- Shaoguan -- 4
255 10648 -- China -- Guangdong -- Shaoguan -- 4
256 10649 -- China -- Guangdong -- Shaoguan -- 4
257 10650 -- China -- Zhejiang -- Fuyang -- 4
258 10651 -- China -- Zhejiang -- Fuyang -- 4
259 10652 -- China -- Zhejiang -- Fuyang -- 4
260 10653 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Nanchang -- 4
261 10654 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Nanchang -- 4
262 10655 -- China -- Hunan -- Ningxiang -- 4
263 10656 -- China -- Hunan -- Ningxiang -- 4
264 10657 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Wuxi -- 4
265 10658 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Wuxi -- 4
266 10659 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Wuxi -- 4
267 10660 -- China -- Guangxi -- Nanning -- 4
268 10661 -- China -- Guangxi -- Nanning -- 4
269 10662 -- China -- Guangxi -- Nanning -- 4
270 10663 -- China -- Anhui -- Hefei -- 4
271 10664 -- China -- Anhui -- Hefei -- 4
272 10665 -- China -- Hubei -- Zhijiang -- 4
273 10666 -- China -- Hubei -- Zhijiang -- 4
274 10667 -- China -- Hubei -- Zhijiang -- 4
275 10668 -- China -- Guangdong -- Shaoguan -- 4
276 10669 -- China -- Guangdong -- Shaoguan -- 4
277 10670 -- China -- Guangdong -- Shaoguan -- 4
278 10671 -- China -- Zhejiang -- Fuyang -- 4
279 10672 -- China -- Zhejiang -- Fuyang -- 4
280 10673 -- China -- Zhejiang -- Fuyang -- 4
281 10674 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Nanchang -- 4
282 10675 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Nanchang -- 4
283 10676 -- China -- Hunan -- Ningxiang -- 4
284 10677 -- China -- Hunan -- Ningxiang -- 4
285 10678 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Wuxi -- 4
286 10679 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Wuxi -- 4
287 10680 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Wuxi -- 4
288 10681 -- China -- Guangxi -- Nanning -- 4
289 10682 -- China -- Guangxi -- Nanning -- 4
290 10683 -- China -- Guangxi -- Nanning -- 4
291 10684 -- China -- Anhui -- Hefei -- 4
292 10685 -- China -- Anhui -- Hefei -- 4
293 10686 -- China -- Hubei -- Zhijiang -- 4
294 10687 -- China -- Guangdong -- Shaoguan -- 4
295 10688 -- China -- Guangdong -- Shaoguan -- 4
296 10689 -- China -- Guangdong -- Shaoguan -- 4
297 10690 -- China -- Zhejiang -- Fuyang -- 4
298 10691 -- China -- Zhejiang -- Fuyang -- 4
299 10692 -- China -- Zhejiang -- Fuyang -- 4
300 10693 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Nanchang -- 4
301 10694 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Nanchang -- 4
302 10695 -- China -- Hunan -- Ningxiang -- 4
303 10696 -- China -- Hunan -- Ningxiang -- 4
304 10697 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Wuxi -- 4
305 10698 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Wuxi -- 4
306 10699 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Wuxi -- 4
307 10700 -- China -- Guangxi -- Nanning -- 4
308 10701 -- China -- Guangxi -- Nanning -- 4
309 10702 -- China -- Guangxi -- Nanning -- 4
310 10703 -- China -- Anhui -- Hefei -- 4
311 10704 -- China -- Anhui -- Hefei -- 4
312 10705 -- China -- Hubei -- Zhijiang -- 4
313 10706 -- China -- Hubei -- Zhijiang -- 4
314 10707 -- China -- Hubei -- Zhijiang -- 4
315 10708 -- China -- Guangdong -- Shaoguan -- 4
316 10709 -- China -- Guangdong -- Shaoguan -- 4
317 10710 -- China -- Guangdong -- Shaoguan -- 4
318 10711 -- China -- Zhejiang -- Fuyang -- 4
319 10712 -- China -- Zhejiang -- Fuyang -- 4
320 10713 -- China -- Zhejiang -- Fuyang -- 4
321 10714 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Nanchang -- 4
322 10715 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Nanchang -- 4
323 10716 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Wuxi -- 4
324 10717 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Wuxi -- 4
325 10718 -- China -- Guangxi -- Nanning -- 4
326 10719 -- China -- Guangxi -- Nanning -- 4
327 10720 -- China -- Anhui -- Hefei -- 4
328 10721 -- China -- Anhui -- Hefei -- 4
329 10722 -- China -- Hubei -- Zhijiang -- 4
330 10723 -- China -- Hubei -- Zhijiang -- 4
331 10724 -- China -- Hubei -- Zhijiang -- 4
332 10725 -- China -- Guangdong -- Shaoguan -- 4
333 10726 -- China -- Guangdong -- Shaoguan -- 4
334 10727 -- China -- Guangdong -- Shaoguan -- 4
335 10728 -- China -- Zhejiang -- Fuyang -- 4
336 10729 -- China -- Zhejiang -- Fuyang -- 4
337 10730 -- China -- Zhejiang -- Fuyang -- 4
338 10731 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Nanchang -- 4
339 10732 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Nanchang -- 4
340 10733 -- China -- Hubei -- Zhijiang -- 4
341 10734 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Wuxi -- 4
342 10735 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Wuxi -- 4
343 10736 -- China -- Guangxi -- Nanning -- 4
344 10737 -- China -- Guangxi -- Nanning -- 4
345 10738 -- China -- Anhui -- Hefei -- 4
346 10739 -- China -- Anhui -- Hefei -- 4
347 10868 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Dongtai -- 4
348 10869 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Dongtai -- 4
349 10870 -- Thailand -- Chainat -- 4
350 10871 -- Thailand -- Chainat -- 4
351 10872 -- Vietnam -- Ho Chi Minh -- 4
352 10873 -- Vietnam -- Ho Chi Minh -- 4
353 11777 -- China -- Guangxi -- Nanning -- 4
354 11778 -- China -- Guangxi -- Guilin -- 4
355 11779 -- China -- Zhejiang -- Hangzhou -- 4
356 11780 -- China -- Zhejiang -- Huzhou -- 4
357 11781 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Wuxi -- 4
358 11782 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Nanjing -- 4
359 11783 -- China -- Anhui -- Anqing -- 4
360 11784 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Jiujiang -- 4
361 12515 -- China -- Wuhan -- 4
362 12516 -- China -- Wuhan -- 4
363 12517 -- China -- Wuhan -- 4
364 12568 -- China -- Hunan Acadaemy of Agricultural Sciences -- 4
365 12569 -- China -- Hunan Acadaemy of Agricultural Sciences -- 4
366 12572 -- China -- Hunan paddy field -- 4
367 12696 -- China -- Hubei -- paddy field -- 4
368 12700 -- Vietnam -- An Giang -- Tinh Bien -- 4
369 12701 -- Philippines -- Nueva Ecija -- Cabanatuan -- Sta. Arcadia -- 4
370 13003 -- Indonesia -- Central Java -- Banyumas -- 4
371 13004 -- Indonesia -- Central Java -- Banyumas -- 4
372 13496 -- China -- Hubei -- Jingmen -- 4
373 13497 -- China -- Hubei -- Jingmen -- 4
374 13498 -- China -- Hubei -- Jingmen -- 4
375 13499 -- China -- Hubei -- Jingmen -- 4
376 13500 -- China -- Hubei -- Jingmen -- 4
377 13504 -- China -- Hubei -- Wuxue -- 4
378 13505 -- China -- Hubei -- Wuxue -- 4
379 13506 -- China -- Hubei -- Wuxue -- 4
380 13507 -- China -- Hubei -- Wuxue -- 4
381 13508 -- China -- Hubei -- Xiaogan -- 4
382 13509 -- China -- Hubei -- Xiaogan -- 4
383 13510 -- China -- Hubei -- Xiaogan -- 4
384 13511 -- China -- Hubei -- Chibe -- 4
385 13512 -- China -- Hubei -- Chibe -- 4
386 13513 -- China -- Hubei -- Chibe -- 4
387 13514 -- China -- Hubei -- Chibe -- 4
388 13515 -- China -- Hunan -- Ningxiang -- 4
389 13516 -- China -- Hunan -- Ningxiang -- 4
390 13517 -- China -- Hunan -- Ningxiang -- 4
391 13518 -- China -- Hunan -- Ningxiang -- 4
392 13519 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Nanchang -- 4
393 13520 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Nanchang -- 4
394 13521 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Nanchang -- 4
395 13522 -- China -- Jiangxi -- Nanchang -- 4
396 13672 -- China -- Changsha -- Hunan -- 4
397 13673 -- China -- Xinyang -- Henan -- 4
398 13678 -- China -- Hunan -- Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences -- 4
399 13761 -- China -- 4
400 13841 -- China -- 4
401 13842 -- China -- 4
402 14026 -- Indonesia -- Cipunagara -- 4
403 14232 -- China -- Zhejiang -- Haiyan County -- 4
404 14233 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Yancheng City -- 4
405 14398 -- China -- Zhejiang -- 4
406 14399 -- China -- Zhejiang -- YC2017 -- 4
407 14648 -- China -- Zhejiang -- 4
408 14856 -- China -- Zhejiang Province -- Haiyan County -- 4
409 15111 -- China -- Zhejiang -- Haiyan -- 4
410 15112 -- China -- Jiangsu -- Yancheng -- 4

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