APRD Survey

Dear Users:

We value your contribution to and use of the Arthropod Pesticide Resistance Database (APRD).

The APRD Team is conducting a Survey to gauge users experiences, our objective is to determine how the database enhances research, and to allow for users to provide feedback, suggestions and requests for potential improvements. Please take the anonymous survey using this link: Link to Survey

Thank you for your Participation,
David Mota-Sanchez
Arthropod Resistance Database Director

Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: tribolium castaneum

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
coleoptera	tenebrionidae	red flour beetle	AG	stored grain, peanuts, sorghum

Active Ingredient: malathion

MOA: Acetylcholine esterase inhibitors, Organophophates
Group: OP	CAS #: 121755	Shaugnessy Code: 57701

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G20480	2020	Field Evolved Resistance	Egypt-- Alexandria	Attia, M. A., Wahba, T. F., Shaarawy, N., Moustafa, F. I., Guedes, R. N. C., and Dewer, Y. (2020). Stored grain pest prevalence and insecticide resistance in Egyptian populations of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.). Journal of Stored Products Research , 87 101611.
G11768	2002	Field Evolved Resistance	Philippines	Haubruge, E., Amichot, M., Cauny, A., Berge, J.E., Arnaud, L. (2002). Purification and characterisation of a carboxylesterase involved in malathion-specific resistance from Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 32 1181-1190.
G5816	1997	Unspecified	USA	Zettler, J.L., and F.H. Arthur. (1997). Dose-Response tests on Red Flour Beetle and Confused Flour Beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Collected from Flour Mills in the United States. Journal of Economic Entomology, 90(5) 1157-1162.
G5230	1990	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Oklahoma-- Garfield	Zettler, J.L., and G.W. Cuperus. (1990). Pesticide Resistance in Tribolium castaneum (coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in Wheat. Journal of Economic Entomology, 83(5) 1677-1681.
G5229	1990	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Oklahoma	Zettler, J.L., and G.W. Cuperus. (1990). Pesticide Resistance in Tribolium castaneum (coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in Wheat. Journal of Economic Entomology, 83(5) 1677-1681.
G5059	1989	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Minnesota	Subramanyam, B.H., P.K. Harein, and L.K. Cutkomp. (1989). Organophosphate Resistance in Adults of Red flour beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Sawtoothed Grain Beetle (Coleptera: Cucujidae) Infesting Barley Stored on Farms in Minnesota. Journal of Economic Entomology, 82(4) 989-995.
G4932	1988	Field Evolved Resistance	USA	Halliday, W.R., F.H. Arthur, and J.L. Zettler. (1988). Resistance Status of Red Flour Beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Infesting Stored Peanuts in teh Southeastern United States. Journal of Economic Entomology, 81 74-77.
G4952	1988	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Alabama	Halliday, W. R., Arthur, F. H. and Zettler, J. L. (1988). Resistance status of red flour beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) infesting stored peanuts in the southeastern United States.. J. Econ. Entomol., 81 74-77.
G4289	1985	Field Evolved Resistance	Uganda	Evans, N. J. (1985). The effectiveness of various insecticides on some resistant beetle pests of stored produces form Uganda.. J. Stored Prod. Res., 21 105-09.
G4167	1984	Field Evolved Resistance	Canada-- Ontario	White, N. D. G. and Watters, F. L. (1984). Incidence of malathion resistance in Tribolium castaneum and Cryptolestes ferrugineus populations collected in Canada.. Proc. Third Intern. Working Conf. Stored Prod. Entomol., Manhattan, Kansas, 1983, pp..
G4166	1984	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- South Carolina	Horton, P. M. (1984). Evaluation of South Carolina filed strains of certain stored-product coleoptera for malathion resistance and pirimiphos-methyl susceptibility.. J. Agric. Entomol., 1 1-5.
G4165	1984	Field Evolved Resistance	Canada-- Manitoba	White 1984. (1984).
G4088	1983	Field Evolved Resistance	New Caledonia	Brun, L. O. and Attia, F. I. (1983). Resistance to lindane, malathion, and fenitrothion on coleopterous pests of stored products in New Caledonia.. Proc. Hawaiian Entomol. Sco., 24 211-15.
G4087	1983	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Minnesota	Haliscak, J. P. and Beeman, R. W. (1983). Status of malathion resistance in five genera of beetles infesting farm-stored corn, wheat, and oats in the United States.. J. Econ. Entomol., 76 717-22.
G4086	1983	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Kansas	Haliscak, J. P. and Beeman, R. W. (1983). Status of malathion resistance in five genera of beetles infesting farm-stored corn, wheat, and oats in the United States.. J. Econ. Entomol., 76 717-22.
G11767	1982	Field Evolved Resistance	England-- Berkshire	Wool, D., Noiman, S., Manheim, O., Cohen, E. (1982). Malathion Resistance in Tribolium Strains and Their Hybrids: Inheritance Patterns and Possible Enzymatic Mechanisms (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae). Biochemical Genetics, 20 621-636.
G3520	1979	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- North Carolina	Bansode, P. C. and Campbell, W. V. (1979). Evaluation of North Carolina field strain of the red flour beetle for resistance to malathion and other organophosphorus compounds.. J. Econ. Entomol., 72 331-33.
G3519	1979	Field Evolved Resistance	China	Champ 1979. (1979).
G2368	1974	Field Evolved Resistance	Cyprus	Zyngas 1974. (1974).
G1759	1971	Field Evolved Resistance	India	Bhatia, S. K., Yadav, T. D. and Mookherjee, P. B. (1971). Malathion resistance in Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), in India.. J. Stored Prod. Res., 7 227-230.
G1658	1970	Field Evolved Resistance	Australia-- Western Australia	(1970). Recommended methods for the detection and measurement of resistance of agricultural pests to pesticides. Tentative method for adults of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.).. FAO 1970. FAO Method No. 6. FAO Plant Prot. Bull., 18 107.
G1627	1970	Field Evolved Resistance	Japan	Dyte, C. E. and Blackman, D. G. (1970). The spread of insecticide resistance in Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae).. J. Stored Prod. Res., 6 255-61.
G1628	1970	Field Evolved Resistance	Gambia	Dyte, C. E. and Blackman, D. G. (1970). The spread of insecticide resistance in Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae).. J. Stored Prod. Res., 6 255-61.
G1630	1970	Field Evolved Resistance	Kenya	Dyte, C. E. and Blackman, D. G. (1970). The spread of insecticide resistance in Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae).. J. Stored Prod. Res., 6 255-61.
G1631	1970	Field Evolved Resistance	Malawi	Dyte, C. E. and Blackman, D. G. (1970). The spread of insecticide resistance in Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae).. J. Stored Prod. Res., 6 255-61.
G1632	1970	Field Evolved Resistance	Malaysia	Dyte, C. E. and Blackman, D. G. (1970). The spread of insecticide resistance in Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae).. J. Stored Prod. Res., 6 255-61.
G1633	1970	Field Evolved Resistance	Australia-- New South Wales	Greening, H. G. (1970). Malathion resistance in the rust-red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in New South Wales.. J. Aust. Entomol. Soc., 9 160-62.
G1644	1970	Field Evolved Resistance	Australia-- Queensland	Champ, B. R. and Campbell-Brown, M. J. (1970). Insecticide resistance in Australian Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae).. II. Malathion resistance in eastern Australia. J. Stored Prod. Res., 6 111-31.
G1645	1970	Field Evolved Resistance	Australia-- Northern Territory	(1970). Recommended methods for the detection and measurement of resistance of agricultural pests to pesticides. Tentative method for adults of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.).. FAO 1970. FAO Method No. 6. FAO Plant Prot. Bull., 18 107.
G1647	1970	Field Evolved Resistance	Senegal	Dyte, C. E. and Blackman, D. G. (1970). The spread of insecticide resistance in Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae).. J. Stored Prod. Res., 6 255-61.
G1648	1970	Field Evolved Resistance	Australia-- South Australia	(1970). Recommended methods for the detection and measurement of resistance of agricultural pests to pesticides. Tentative method for adults of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.).. FAO 1970. FAO Method No. 6. FAO Plant Prot. Bull., 18 107.
G1649	1970	Field Evolved Resistance	Australia-- Victoria	Champ, B. R. and Campbell-Brown, M. J. (1970). Insecticide resistance in Australian Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae).. II. Malathion resistance in eastern Australia. J. Stored Prod. Res., 6 111-31.
G1654	1970	Field Evolved Resistance	Seychelles	Dyte, C. E. and Blackman, D. G. (1970). The spread of insecticide resistance in Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae).. J. Stored Prod. Res., 6 255-61.
G1530	1969	Field Evolved Resistance	Canada	Iordanou, N. T. and Watters, F. L. (1969). Temperature effects on the toxicity of five insecticides against five species of stored product insects.. J. Econ. Entomol., 62 130-35.
G1529	1984	Field Evolved Resistance	Canada-- Alberta	White, N. D. G. and Watters, F. L. (1984). Incidence of malathion resistance in Tribolium castaneum and Cryptolestes ferrugineus populations collected in Canada.. Proc. Third Intern. Working Conf. Stored Prod. Entomol., Manhattan, Kansas, 1983, pp..
G1371	1968	Field Evolved Resistance	Egypt	Eldefrawi 1968. (1968).
G1201	1967	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Georgia-- Ashburn	Speirs, R. D., Redlinger, L. M. and Bollos, H. P. (1967). Malathion resistance in the red flour beetle.. J. Econ. Entomol., 60 1373-74.
G1200	1967	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Florida	Speirs, R. D., Redlinger, L. M. and Bollos, H. P. (1967). Malathion resistance in the red flour beetle.. J. Econ. Entomol., 60 1373-74.
G334	1962	Field Evolved Resistance	Nigeria	Parkin, E. A. and Foster, R. (1962). Increased resistance of stored product insects to insecticides: The rust-red flour beetle malathion.. Pest Infest. Res., 1962 84.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.

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