Skip to main content

APRD Survey

Dear Users:

We value your contribution to and use of the Arthropod Pesticide Resistance Database (APRD).

The APRD Team is conducting a Survey to gauge users experiences, our objective is to determine how the database enhances research, and to allow for users to provide feedback, suggestions and requests for potential improvements. Please take the anonymous survey using this link: Link to Survey

Thank you for your Participation,
David Mota-Sanchez
Arthropod Resistance Database Director

Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: pectinophora gossypiella

Order Family Common Name(s) Group Host
lepidoptera gelechiidae pink bollworm AG cotton

Active Ingredient: Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac

MOA: Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes (includes transgenic crops), Bacillus thuringiensis (variety unstated)
Group: BAC CAS #: 0 Shaugnessy Code: 0

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id Year of Report Type of Resistance Location Reference
G21565 2022
Lab selected*

 USA--
Arizona		 Bruce E Tabashnik, Gopalan Chandran Unnithan, Alexander J Yelich, Jeffrey A Fabrick, Timothy J Dennehy and Yves Carrière. (2022). Responses to Bt toxin Vip3Aa by pink bollworm larvae resistant or susceptible to Cry toxins. Pest Management Science, 78 3973-3979.
G21564 2022
Lab selected*

 USA--
Arizona		 Bruce E Tabashnik, Gopalan Chandran Unnithan, Alexander J Yelich, Jeffrey A Fabrick, Timothy J Dennehy and Yves Carrière. (2022). Responses to Bt toxin Vip3Aa by pink bollworm larvae resistant or susceptible to Cry toxins. Pest Management Science, 78 3973-3979.
G20636 2020
Lab selected*

 Pakistan--
Faisalabad		 Akhtar, Z. R., Rasul, A., Sagheer, M., Ali, A., Ashraf, I., Saddiq, B., and Hasan, M. (2020). CHARACTERIZING THE MODE OF RESISTANCE INHERITANCEAND CROSS RESISTANCE IN PINK BOLLWORMAGAINST CRY1AC TOXIN AND ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES IN PAKISTAN. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 57 1101-1106.
G20638 2020
Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 Pakistan--
Faisalabad		 Zunnu Raen Akhtar, Amer Rasul, M. Sagheer, A. Ali, I. Ashraf, B. Saddiq and Mansoor-ul-Hasan. (2020). CHARACTERIZING THE MODE OF RESISTANCE INHERITANCEAND CROSS RESISTANCE IN PINK BOLLWORMAGAINST CRY1AC TOXIN AND ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES IN PAKISTAN. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 57 1101-1106.
G20640 2019
Lab selected*

 China--
Yangtze River Valley--
Anhui 		Wang, L., Ma, Y., Guo, X., Wan, P., Liu, K., Cong, S., Wang, J., Xu, D., Xiao, Y., Li, X., Tabashnik, B. E., and Wu, K. (2019). Pink Bollworm Resistance to Bt Toxin Cry1Ac Associated with an Insertion in Cadherin Exon 20. Toxins, 11 2-13.
G20641 2019
Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 China--
Anqing 		Wang, L.; Ma, Y.; Guo, X.; Wan, P.; Liu, K.; Cong, S.; Wang, J.; Xu, D.; Xiao, Y.; Li, X.; Tabashnik, B.E.; Wu, K. (2019). Pink Bollworm Resistance to Bt Toxin Cry1Ac Associated with an Insertion in Cadherin Exon 20. Toxins, 11 186-198.
G20661 2018 Field Evolved Resistance
 India--
Gujarat--
Bharuch		 Naik, V. C. B., Kumbhare, S., Kranthi, S., Satijaa, U., and Kranthi, K. R. (2018). Field-evolved resistance of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), to transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton expressing crystal 1Ac (Cry1Ac) and Cry2Ab in India. Pest Management Science, 74 2544–2554.
G20660 2018 Field Evolved Resistance
 India--
Punjab--
Sriganganagar		 Naik, V. C. B., Kumbhare, S., Kranthi, S., Satijaa, U., and Kranthi, K. R. (2018). Field-evolved resistance of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), to transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton expressing crystal 1Ac (Cry1Ac) and Cry2Ab in India. Pest Management Science, 74 2544–2554.
G20659 2018 Field Evolved Resistance
 India--
Punjab--
Hissar		 Naik, V. C. B., Kumbhare, S., Kranthi, S., Satijaa, U., and Kranthi, K. R. (2018). Field-evolved resistance of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), to transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton expressing crystal 1Ac (Cry1Ac) and Cry2Ab in India. Pest Management Science, 74 2544–2554.
G20658 2018 Field Evolved Resistance
 India--
Punjab--
Faridkot		 Naik, V. C. B., Kumbhare, S., Kranthi, S., Satijaa, U., and Kranthi, K. R. (2018). Field-evolved resistance of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), to transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton expressing crystal 1Ac (Cry1Ac) and Cry2Ab in India. Pest Management Science, 74 2544–2554.
G20656 2018 Field Evolved Resistance
 India--
Punjab--
Abohar		 Naik, V. C. B., Kumbhare, S., Kranthi, S., Satijaa, U., and Kranthi, K. R. (2018). Field-evolved resistance of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), to transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton expressing crystal 1Ac (Cry1Ac) and Cry2Ab in India. Pest Management Science, 74 2544–2554.
G19195 2016
Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 USA--
Arizona		 Wang, L., Wan, P., Cong, S., Wang, J., Huang, M., Tabashnik, B., Li, X., and Wu, K. (2016). Adult Exposure to Bt Toxin Cry1Ac Reduces Life Span and Reproduction of Resistant and Susceptible Pink Bollworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Journal of Economic Entomology , 109 1357-1363.
G20649 2018 Field Evolved Resistance
 India--
Gujarat--
Nagpur		 Naik, V. C. B., Kumbhare, S., Kranthi, S., Satijaa, U., and Kranthi, K. R. (2018). Field-evolved resistance of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), to transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton expressing crystal 1Ac (Cry1Ac) and Cry2Ab in India. Pest Management Science, 74 2544–2554.
G20643 2018 Field Evolved Resistance
 India--
Punjab--
Abohar		 Naik, V. C. B., Kumbhare, S., Kranthi, S., Satijaa, U., and Kranthi, K. R. (2018). Field-evolved resistance of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), to transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton expressing crystal 1Ac (Cry1Ac) and Cry2Ab in India. Pest Management Science, 74 2544–2554.
G20644 2018 Field Evolved Resistance
 India--
Gujarat--
Amreli		 Naik, V. C. B., Kumbhare, S., Kranthi, S., Satijaa, U., and Kranthi, K. R. (2018). Field-evolved resistance of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), to transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton expressing crystal 1Ac (Cry1Ac) and Cry2Ab in India. Pest Management Science, 74 2544–2554.
G20645 2018 Field Evolved Resistance
 India--
Gujarat--
Anand		 Naik, V. C. B., Kumbhare, S., Kranthi, S., Satijaa, U., and Kranthi, K. R. (2018). Field-evolved resistance of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), to transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton expressing crystal 1Ac (Cry1Ac) and Cry2Ab in India. Pest Management Science, 74 2544–2554.
G20646 2018 Field Evolved Resistance
 India--
Gujarat--
Bharuch		 Naik, V. C. B., Kumbhare, S., Kranthi, S., Satijaa, U., and Kranthi, K. R. (2018). Field-evolved resistance of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), to transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton expressing crystal 1Ac (Cry1Ac) and Cry2Ab in India. Pest Management Science, 74 2544–2554.
G20647 2018 Field Evolved Resistance
 India--
Gujarat--
Bhavnagar		 Naik, V. C. B., Kumbhare, S., Kranthi, S., Satijaa, U., and Kranthi, K. R. (2018). Field-evolved resistance of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), to transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton expressing crystal 1Ac (Cry1Ac) and Cry2Ab in India. Pest Management Science, 74 2544–2554.
G20648 2018 Field Evolved Resistance
 India--
Gujarat--
Junagadh		 Naik, V. C. B., Kumbhare, S., Kranthi, S., Satijaa, U., and Kranthi, K. R. (2018). Field-evolved resistance of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), to transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton expressing crystal 1Ac (Cry1Ac) and Cry2Ab in India. Pest Management Science, 74 2544–2554.
G20650 2018 Field Evolved Resistance
 India--
Gujarat--
Surat		 Naik, V. C. B., Kumbhare, S., Kranthi, S., Satijaa, U., and Kranthi, K. R. (2018). Field-evolved resistance of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), to transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton expressing crystal 1Ac (Cry1Ac) and Cry2Ab in India. Pest Management Science, 74 2544–2554.
G20651 2018 Field Evolved Resistance
 India--
Gujarat--
Vadodara		 Naik, V. C. B., Kumbhare, S., Kranthi, S., Satijaa, U., and Kranthi, K. R. (2018). Field-evolved resistance of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), to transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton expressing crystal 1Ac (Cry1Ac) and Cry2Ab in India. Pest Management Science, 74 2544–2554.
G20652 2018 Field Evolved Resistance
 India--
Tamil Nadu--
Sirivilliputtur		 Naik, V. C. B., Kumbhare, S., Kranthi, S., Satijaa, U., and Kranthi, K. R. (2018). Field-evolved resistance of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), to transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton expressing crystal 1Ac (Cry1Ac) and Cry2Ab in India. Pest Management Science, 74 2544–2554.
G20020 2018 Field Evolved Resistance
 India--
Maharshtra--
Rahuri		 Naik, V. C. B., Kumbhare, S., Kranthi, S., Satija, U., and Kranthi, K. R. (2018). Field evolved-resistance of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae) to transgenic Bt cotton expressing Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab in India. Pest Management Science.
G20022 2018 Field Evolved Resistance
 India--
Gujarat--
Surat		 Naik, V. C. B., Kumbhare, S., Kranthi, S., Satija, U., and Kranthi, K. R. (2018). Field evolved-resistance of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae) to transgenic Bt cotton expressing Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab in India. Pest Management Science.
G20021 2018 Field Evolved Resistance
 India--
Gujarat--
Rajkot		 Naik, V. C. B., Kumbhare, S., Kranthi, S., Satija, U., and Kranthi, K. R. (2018). Field evolved-resistance of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae) to transgenic Bt cotton expressing Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab in India. Pest Management Science.
G20019 2018 Field Evolved Resistance
 India--
Maharshtra--
Nanded		 Naik, V. C. B., Kumbhare, S., Kranthi, S., Satija, U., and Kranthi, K. R. (2018). Field evolved-resistance of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae) to transgenic Bt cotton expressing Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab in India. Pest Management Science.
G19918 2018
Lab selected*

 China--
Anhui--
Anqing		 Wang, L., Ma, Y., Wan, P., Liu, K, Xiao, Y., Wang, J., Cong, S., Xu, D., Wu, K., Fabrick, J. A., Li, X., Tabashnik, B. E. (2018). Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis linked with a cadherin transmembrane mutation affecting cellular trafficking in pink bollworm from China. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 94 28-35.
G19994 2018 Field Evolved Resistance
 India--
Punjab--
Abohar		 Naik, V. C. B., Kumbhare, S., Kranthi, S., Satija, U., and Kranthi, K. R. (2018). Field evolved-resistance of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae) to transgenic Bt cotton expressing Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab in India. Pest Management Science.
G19996 2018 Field Evolved Resistance
 India--
Haryana--
Hysar		 Naik, V. C. B., Kumbhare, S., Kranthi, S., Satija, U., and Kranthi, K. R. (2018). Field evolved-resistance of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae) to transgenic Bt cotton expressing Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab in India. Pest Management Science.
G19999 2018 Field Evolved Resistance
 India--
Punjab--
Mansa		 Naik, V. C. B., Kumbhare, S., Kranthi, S., Satija, U., and Kranthi, K. R. (2018). Field evolved-resistance of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae) to transgenic Bt cotton expressing Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab in India. Pest Management Science.
G20001 2018 Field Evolved Resistance
 India--
Haryanna--
Sirsa		 Naik, V. C. B., Kumbhare, S., Kranthi, S., Satija, U., and Kranthi, K. R. (2018). Field evolved-resistance of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae) to transgenic Bt cotton expressing Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab in India. Pest Management Science.
G20004 2018 Field Evolved Resistance
 India--
Rajasthan--
Sriganaganagar		 Naik, V. C. B., Kumbhare, S., Kranthi, S., Satija, U., and Kranthi, K. R. (2018). Field evolved-resistance of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae) to transgenic Bt cotton expressing Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab in India. Pest Management Science.
G20007 2018 Field Evolved Resistance
 India--
Maharshtra--
Akola		 Naik, V. C. B., Kumbhare, S., Kranthi, S., Satija, U., and Kranthi, K. R. (2018). Field evolved-resistance of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae) to transgenic Bt cotton expressing Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab in India. Pest Management Science.
G20008 2018 Field Evolved Resistance
 India--
Gujarat--
Amreli		 Naik, V. C. B., Kumbhare, S., Kranthi, S., Satija, U., and Kranthi, K. R. (2018). Field evolved-resistance of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae) to transgenic Bt cotton expressing Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab in India. Pest Management Science.
G20009 2018 Field Evolved Resistance
 India--
Maharshtra--
Aurangabad		 Naik, V. C. B., Kumbhare, S., Kranthi, S., Satija, U., and Kranthi, K. R. (2018). Field evolved-resistance of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae) to transgenic Bt cotton expressing Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab in India. Pest Management Science.
G20010 2018 Field Evolved Resistance
 India--
Gujarat--
Bharuch		 Naik, V. C. B., Kumbhare, S., Kranthi, S., Satija, U., and Kranthi, K. R. (2018). Field evolved-resistance of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae) to transgenic Bt cotton expressing Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab in India. Pest Management Science.
G20011 2018 Field Evolved Resistance
 India--
Maharshtra--
Jalgaon		 Naik, V. C. B., Kumbhare, S., Kranthi, S., Satija, U., and Kranthi, K. R. (2018). Field evolved-resistance of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae) to transgenic Bt cotton expressing Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab in India. Pest Management Science.
G20012 2018 Field Evolved Resistance
 India--
Maharshtra--
Jalna		 Naik, V. C. B., Kumbhare, S., Kranthi, S., Satija, U., and Kranthi, K. R. (2018). Field evolved-resistance of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae) to transgenic Bt cotton expressing Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab in India. Pest Management Science.
G20013 2018 Field Evolved Resistance
 India--
Gujarat--
Junagadh		 Naik, V. C. B., Kumbhare, S., Kranthi, S., Satija, U., and Kranthi, K. R. (2018). Field evolved-resistance of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae) to transgenic Bt cotton expressing Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab in India. Pest Management Science.
G20015 2018 Field Evolved Resistance
 India--
Madhya Pradesh--
Khandwa		 Naik, V. C. B., Kumbhare, S., Kranthi, S., Satija, U., and Kranthi, K. R. (2018). Field evolved-resistance of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae) to transgenic Bt cotton expressing Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab in India. Pest Management Science.
G20018 2018 Field Evolved Resistance
 India--
Maharshtra--
Nagpur		 Naik, V. C. B., Kumbhare, S., Kranthi, S., Satija, U., and Kranthi, K. R. (2018). Field evolved-resistance of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae) to transgenic Bt cotton expressing Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab in India. Pest Management Science.
G19228 2015
Lab selected*

 USA--
Arizona		 Fabrick, J.A., Unnithan, G.C., Yelich, A.J., DeGain, B., Masson, L., Zhang, J., Carriere, Y., and Tabashnik, B. E. (2015). Multi-Toxin Resistance Enables Pink Bollworm Survival on Pyramided Bt Cotton. Scientific Reports.
G19227 2015
Lab selected*

 USA--
Arizona		 Fabrick, J.A., Unnithan, G.C., Yelich, A.J., DeGain, B., Masson, L., Zhang, J., Carriere, Y., and Tabashnik, B. E. (2015). Multi-Toxin Resistance Enables Pink Bollworm Survival on Pyramided Bt Cotton. Scientific Reports.
G19226 2015
Lab selected*

 USA--
Arizona		 Fabrick, J.A., Unnithan, G.C., Yelich, A.J., DeGain, B., Masson, L., Zhang, J., Carriere, Y., and Tabashnik, B. E. (2015). Multi-Toxin Resistance Enables Pink Bollworm Survival on Pyramided Bt Cotton. Scientific Reports.
G16775 2014 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Iowa		 Gassmann, A. J., Petzold-Maxwell, J. L., Clifton, E. H., Dunbar, M. W., Hoffman, A. M., Ingber, D. A., and Keweshan, R. S. (2014). Field-evolved resistance by western corn rootworm to multiple Bacillus thuringiensis toxins in transgenic maize. PNAS Early Edition 1-6.
G14581 2009
Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 USA--
Arizona		 Tabashnik, B., Unnithan, G., Masson, L., Crowder, D., Li, X., and Carriere, Y. (2009). Asymmetrical cross-resistance between Bacillus thuringiensis toxins Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab in pink bollworm. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 106 11889-11894.
G14582 2009
Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 USA--
Arizona		 Tabashnik, B., Unnithan, G., Masson, L., Crowder, D., Li, X., and Carriere, Y. (2009). Asymmetrical cross-resistance between Bacillus thuringiensis toxins Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab in pink bollworm. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 106 11889-11894.
G14583 2009
Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 USA--
Arizona		 Tabashnik, B., Unnithan, G., Masson, L., Crowder, D., Li, X., and Carriere, Y. (2009). Asymmetrical cross-resistance between Bacillus thuringiensis toxins Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab in pink bollworm. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 106 11889-11894.
G20239 2019
Lab selected*

Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Arizona		 Fabrick, J. A., Mathew, L. G., LeRoy, D. M., Hull, J. J., Unnithan, G., Yelich, A. J., Carrier, Y., Li, X., Tabashnik, B. E. (2019). Reduced cadherin expression associated with resistance to Bt toxin Cry1Ac in pink bollworm. Pest Management Science.
*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.
© Michigan State University Board of Trustees. East Lansing, MI 48824
MSU is an affirmative-action, equal-opportunity employer. Visit msu.edu