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APRD Survey

Dear Users:

We value your contribution to and use of the Arthropod Pesticide Resistance Database (APRD).

The APRD Team is conducting a Survey to gauge users experiences, our objective is to determine how the database enhances research, and to allow for users to provide feedback, suggestions and requests for potential improvements. Please take the anonymous survey using this link: Link to Survey

Thank you for your Participation,
David Mota-Sanchez
Arthropod Resistance Database Director

Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: culex quinquefasciatus

Order Family Common Name(s) Group Host
diptera culicidae southern house mosquito MED

Active Ingredient: Bacillus sphaericus 2362

MOA: Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes (includes transgenic crops), Bacillus sphaericus
Group: BAC CAS #: Shaugnessy Code:

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id Year of Report Type of Resistance Location Reference
G21123 2021
Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 Brazil--
Aggeu Magalhães		 Menezes HSG, Nascimento NA, Paiva-Cavalcanti M, da Costa-Latgé SG, Genta FA, Oliveira CM, Romão TP and Silva-Filha MHN. (2021). Molecular and biological features of Culex quinquefasciatus homozygous larvae for two cqm1 alleles that confer resistance to Lysinibacillus sphaericus larvicides.. Pest Management Science, 7 3135-3144.
G16172 2014
Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 India--
Puducherry--
Pondicherry		 Poopathi, S., Thirugnanasambantham, K., Mani, C., Athisaya Mary, K., Ann Mary, B., and Balagangadharan, K. (2014). Hexamerin a Novel Protein Associated with Bacillus sphaericus Resistance in Culex quinquefasciatus. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 172 2299-2307.
G15712 2010
Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 Brazil Amorim, L., Arruda de Barros, R., Diogo de Melo Chalegre, K., Fontes de Oliveira, C., Regis, L., and Silva-Filha, M. (2010). Stability of Culex quinquefasciatus resistance to Bacillus sphaericus evaluated by molecular tools. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 40 311-316.
G5575 1995 Unspecified
 Brazil Silva-Filha, M.H., L. Regis, C.Nielsen-Leroux, and J.F. Charles. (1995). Low level Resistance to Bacillus sphaericus in a field treated population of culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 88(3) 525-530.
G5648 1995 Unspecified
 India Rao, D.R., T.R. Mani, R. Ragendran, A.S. Joseph, A. Gajanana, and R. Reuben. (1995). Development of a High Level of Resistance to Bacillus sphaericus in a Field Population of Culex Quinquefasciatus from Kochi, India. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 11(1) 1-5.
G5538 1994 Unspecified
 USA Rodcharoen, J., and M.S. Mulla. (1994). Resistance Development in Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) to Bacillus sphaericus. Journal of Economic Entomology, 87(5) 1133-1140.
*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.
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