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APRD Survey

Dear Users:

We value your contribution to and use of the Arthropod Pesticide Resistance Database (APRD).

The APRD Team is conducting a Survey to gauge users experiences, our objective is to determine how the database enhances research, and to allow for users to provide feedback, suggestions and requests for potential improvements. Please take the anonymous survey using this link: Link to Survey

Thank you for your Participation,
David Mota-Sanchez
Arthropod Resistance Database Director

Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: rhyzopertha dominica

Order Family Common Name(s) Group Host
coleoptera bostrichdae lesser grain borer AG stored grain, rice, sorghum

Active Ingredient: phosphine

MOA: Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors, Aluminium phosphide, cyanide, phosphine
Group: FUM CAS #: 7803-51-2 Shaugnessy Code: 66500

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id Year of Report Type of Resistance Location Reference
G22118 2023 Field Evolved Resistance
 Turkey--
Tekirdag		 YILMAZ, A., & KOÇAK, E. (2023). Comparing bioassay and diagnostic molecular marker for phosphine resistance in Turkish populations of Rhyzopertha dominica (F., 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 46 431-440.
G22104 2023 Field Evolved Resistance
 Turkey--
Ankara		 YILMAZ, A., & KOÇAK, E. (2023). Comparing bioassay and diagnostic molecular marker for phosphine resistance in Turkish populations of Rhyzopertha dominica (F., 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 46 431-440.
G22105 2023 Field Evolved Resistance
 Turkey--
Ankara		 YILMAZ, A., & KOÇAK, E. (2023). Comparing bioassay and diagnostic molecular marker for phosphine resistance in Turkish populations of Rhyzopertha dominica (F., 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 46 431-440.
G22106 2023 Field Evolved Resistance
 Turkey--
Hatay		 YILMAZ, A., & KOÇAK, E. (2023). Comparing bioassay and diagnostic molecular marker for phosphine resistance in Turkish populations of Rhyzopertha dominica (F., 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 46 431-440.
G22107 2023 Field Evolved Resistance
 Turkey--
Izmir		 YILMAZ, A., & KOÇAK, E. (2023). Comparing bioassay and diagnostic molecular marker for phosphine resistance in Turkish populations of Rhyzopertha dominica (F., 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 46 431-440.
G22108 2023 Field Evolved Resistance
 Turkey--
Izmir		 YILMAZ, A., & KOÇAK, E. (2023). Comparing bioassay and diagnostic molecular marker for phosphine resistance in Turkish populations of Rhyzopertha dominica (F., 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 46 431-440.
G22109 2023 Field Evolved Resistance
 Turkey--
Konya		 YILMAZ, A., & KOÇAK, E. (2023). Comparing bioassay and diagnostic molecular marker for phosphine resistance in Turkish populations of Rhyzopertha dominica (F., 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 46 431-440.
G22110 2023 Field Evolved Resistance
 Turkey--
Konya		 YILMAZ, A., & KOÇAK, E. (2023). Comparing bioassay and diagnostic molecular marker for phosphine resistance in Turkish populations of Rhyzopertha dominica (F., 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 46 431-440.
G22111 2023 Field Evolved Resistance
 Turkey--
Kütahya		 YILMAZ, A., & KOÇAK, E. (2023). Comparing bioassay and diagnostic molecular marker for phosphine resistance in Turkish populations of Rhyzopertha dominica (F., 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 46 431-440.
G22112 2023 Field Evolved Resistance
 Turkey--
Mersin		 YILMAZ, A., & KOÇAK, E. (2023). Comparing bioassay and diagnostic molecular marker for phosphine resistance in Turkish populations of Rhyzopertha dominica (F., 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 46 431-440.
G22113 2023 Field Evolved Resistance
 Turkey--
Samsun		 YILMAZ, A., & KOÇAK, E. (2023). Comparing bioassay and diagnostic molecular marker for phosphine resistance in Turkish populations of Rhyzopertha dominica (F., 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 46 431-440.
G22114 2023 Field Evolved Resistance
 Turkey--
Sanliurfa		 YILMAZ, A., & KOÇAK, E. (2023). Comparing bioassay and diagnostic molecular marker for phosphine resistance in Turkish populations of Rhyzopertha dominica (F., 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 46 431-440.
G22115 2023 Field Evolved Resistance
 Turkey--
Sanliurfa		 YILMAZ, A., & KOÇAK, E. (2023). Comparing bioassay and diagnostic molecular marker for phosphine resistance in Turkish populations of Rhyzopertha dominica (F., 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 46 431-440.
G22116 2023 Field Evolved Resistance
 Turkey--
Sanliurfa		 YILMAZ, A., & KOÇAK, E. (2023). Comparing bioassay and diagnostic molecular marker for phosphine resistance in Turkish populations of Rhyzopertha dominica (F., 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 46 431-440.
G22117 2023 Field Evolved Resistance
 Turkey--
Tekirdag		 YILMAZ, A., & KOÇAK, E. (2023). Comparing bioassay and diagnostic molecular marker for phosphine resistance in Turkish populations of Rhyzopertha dominica (F., 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 46 431-440.
G13866 2012
Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 Australia--
Queensland--
Millmerran		 Kaur, R., Schlipalius, D., Collins, P., Swain, A., Ebert, P. (2012). Inheritance and relative dominance, expressed as toxicity response and delayed development, of phosphine resistance in immature stages of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 51 74-80.
G13880 2012
Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 Australia--
Queensland--
Millmerran		 Kaur, R., Schlipalius, D., Collins, P., Swain, A., Ebert, P. (2012). Inheritance and relative dominance, expressed as toxicity response and delayed development, of phosphine resistance in immature stages of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 51 74-80.
G13881 2012
Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 Australia--
Queensland--
Millmerran		 Kaur, R., Schlipalius, D., Collins, P., Swain, A., Ebert, P. (2012). Inheritance and relative dominance, expressed as toxicity response and delayed development, of phosphine resistance in immature stages of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 51 74-80.
G13882 2012
Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 Australia--
Queensland--
Millmerran		 Kaur, R., Schlipalius, D., Collins, P., Swain, A., Ebert, P. (2012). Inheritance and relative dominance, expressed as toxicity response and delayed development, of phosphine resistance in immature stages of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 51 74-80.
G13883 2012
Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 Australia--
Queensland--
Millmerran		 Kaur, R., Schlipalius, D., Collins, P., Swain, A., Ebert, P. (2012). Inheritance and relative dominance, expressed as toxicity response and delayed development, of phosphine resistance in immature stages of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 51 74-80.
G15863 2012 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Oklahoma--
Logan County		 Opit, G., Phillips, T., Aikins, M., and Hasan, M. (2012). Phosphine Resistance in Tribolium castaneum and Rhyzopertha dominica From Stored Wheat in Oklahoma. Journal of Economic Entomology, 105 1107-1114.
G15856 2012 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Oklahoma--
Payne County		 Opit, G., Phillips, T., Aikins, M., and Hasan, M. (2012). Phosphine Resistance in Tribolium castaneum and Rhyzopertha dominica From Stored Wheat in Oklahoma. Journal of Economic Entomology, 105 1107-1114.
G15857 2012 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Oklahoma--
Payne County		 Opit, G., Phillips, T., Aikins, M., and Hasan, M. (2012). Phosphine Resistance in Tribolium castaneum and Rhyzopertha dominica From Stored Wheat in Oklahoma. Journal of Economic Entomology, 105 1107-1114.
G15858 2012 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Oklahoma--
Payne County		 Opit, G., Phillips, T., Aikins, M., and Hasan, M. (2012). Phosphine Resistance in Tribolium castaneum and Rhyzopertha dominica From Stored Wheat in Oklahoma. Journal of Economic Entomology, 105 1107-1114.
G15859 2012 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Oklahoma--
Garfield County		 Opit, G., Phillips, T., Aikins, M., and Hasan, M. (2012). Phosphine Resistance in Tribolium castaneum and Rhyzopertha dominica From Stored Wheat in Oklahoma. Journal of Economic Entomology, 105 1107-1114.
G15860 2012 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Oklahoma--
Logan County		 Opit, G., Phillips, T., Aikins, M., and Hasan, M. (2012). Phosphine Resistance in Tribolium castaneum and Rhyzopertha dominica From Stored Wheat in Oklahoma. Journal of Economic Entomology, 105 1107-1114.
G15862 2012 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Oklahoma--
Payne County		 Opit, G., Phillips, T., Aikins, M., and Hasan, M. (2012). Phosphine Resistance in Tribolium castaneum and Rhyzopertha dominica From Stored Wheat in Oklahoma. Journal of Economic Entomology, 105 1107-1114.
G15864 2012 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Oklahoma--
Garfield County		 Opit, G., Phillips, T., Aikins, M., and Hasan, M. (2012). Phosphine Resistance in Tribolium castaneum and Rhyzopertha dominica From Stored Wheat in Oklahoma. Journal of Economic Entomology, 105 1107-1114.
G13803 2011 Unspecified
 China--
Sichuan--
Luzhou		 Song, X., Wang, P., and Zhang, H. (2011). Phosphine resistance in Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) (Cloeoptera: Bostrichidae) from different geographical populations in China. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10 16367-16373.
G13805 2011 Field Evolved Resistance
 China--
Hubei--
Wuhan		 Song, X., Wang, P., and Zhang, H. (2011). Phosphine resistance in Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) (Cloeoptera: Bostrichidae) from different geographical populations in China. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10 16367-16373.
G13806 2011 Field Evolved Resistance
 China--
Hebei--
Handan		 Song, X., Wang, P., and Zhang, H. (2011). Phosphine resistance in Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) (Cloeoptera: Bostrichidae) from different geographical populations in China. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10 16367-16373.
G13813 2011 Field Evolved Resistance
 China--
Jiangxi--
Gaoan		 Song, X., Wang, P., and Zhang, H. (2011). Phosphine resistance in Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) (Cloeoptera: Bostrichidae) from different geographical populations in China. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10 16367-16373.
G13812 2011 Field Evolved Resistance
 China--
Guangdong--
Yangchun		 Song, X., Wang, P., and Zhang, H. (2011). Phosphine resistance in Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) (Cloeoptera: Bostrichidae) from different geographical populations in China. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10 16367-16373.
G13814 2011 Field Evolved Resistance
 China--
He\'nan--
Xuchang		 Song, X., Wang, P., and Zhang, H. (2011). Phosphine resistance in Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) (Cloeoptera: Bostrichidae) from different geographical populations in China. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10 16367-16373.
G13811 2011 Field Evolved Resistance
 China--
Hubei--
Shayang		 Song, X., Wang, P., and Zhang, H. (2011). Phosphine resistance in Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) (Cloeoptera: Bostrichidae) from different geographical populations in China. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10 16367-16373.
G13810 2011 Field Evolved Resistance
 China--
Hubei--
Anlu		 Song, X., Wang, P., and Zhang, H. (2011). Phosphine resistance in Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) (Cloeoptera: Bostrichidae) from different geographical populations in China. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10 16367-16373.
G13809 2011 Field Evolved Resistance
 China--
Hubei--
Xiangfan		 Song, X., Wang, P., and Zhang, H. (2011). Phosphine resistance in Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) (Cloeoptera: Bostrichidae) from different geographical populations in China. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10 16367-16373.
G13808 2011 Field Evolved Resistance
 China--
Hubei--
Xiangfan		 Song, X., Wang, P., and Zhang, H. (2011). Phosphine resistance in Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) (Cloeoptera: Bostrichidae) from different geographical populations in China. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10 16367-16373.
G13807 2011 Field Evolved Resistance
 China--
Guangdong--
Jiangmen		 Song, X., Wang, P., and Zhang, H. (2011). Phosphine resistance in Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) (Cloeoptera: Bostrichidae) from different geographical populations in China. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10 16367-16373.
G13804 2011 Field Evolved Resistance
 China--
Chongqing--
Chongqing		 Song, X., Wang, P., and Zhang, H. (2011). Phosphine resistance in Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) (Cloeoptera: Bostrichidae) from different geographical populations in China. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10 16367-16373.
G14930 2007 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Minas Gerais--
Bom Despacho		 Pimentel, M., Faroni, L., Totola, M., and Guedes, R. (2007). Phosphine resistance, respiration rate and fitness consequences in stored-product insects. Pest Management Science, 63 876-881.
G14931 2007 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Minas Gerais--
Unai		 Pimentel, M., Faroni, L., Totola, M., and Guedes, R. (2007). Phosphine resistance, respiration rate and fitness consequences in stored-product insects. Pest Management Science, 63 876-881.
G14932 2007 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Minas Gerais--
Uberlandia		 Pimentel, M., Faroni, L., Totola, M., and Guedes, R. (2007). Phosphine resistance, respiration rate and fitness consequences in stored-product insects. Pest Management Science, 63 876-881.
G14933 2007 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Sao Paulo--
Palmital		 Pimentel, M., Faroni, L., Totola, M., and Guedes, R. (2007). Phosphine resistance, respiration rate and fitness consequences in stored-product insects. Pest Management Science, 63 876-881.
G7808 2007 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Rio Grande do Sul--
Ijui		 Lorini, Irineu, Collins, Patrick J, Daglish, Gregory J., Nayak, Manoj K, and Pavic, Hervoika. (2007). Detection and characterisation of strong resistance to phosphine in brazilian Rhyzopertha dominica (f.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae). Pest Management Science, 63 358-364.
G7811 2007 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Rio Grande do Sul--
Passo Fundo		 Lorini, Irineu, Collins, Patrick J, Daglish, Gregory J., Nayak, Manoj K, and Pavic, Hervoika. (2007). Detection and characterisation of strong resistance to phosphine in brazilian Rhyzopertha dominica (f.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae). Pest Management Science, 63 358-364.
G7806 2007 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Rio Grande do Sul--
Passo Fundo		 Lorini, Irineu, Collins, Patrick J, Daglish, Gregory J., Nayak, Manoj K, and Pavic, Hervoika. (2007). Detection and characterisation of strong resistance to phosphine in brazilian Rhyzopertha dominica (f.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae). Pest Management Science, 63 358-364.
G7805 2007 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Rio Grande do Sul--
Santa Angelo		 Lorini, Irineu, Collins, Patrick J, Daglish, Gregory J., Nayak, Manoj K, and Pavic, Hervoika. (2007). Detection and characterisation of strong resistance to phosphine in brazilian Rhyzopertha dominica (f.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae). Pest Management Science, 63 358-364.
G7804 2007 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Parana--
Ubirata		 Lorini, Irineu, Collins, Patrick J, Daglish, Gregory J., Nayak, Manoj K, and Pavic, Hervoika. (2007). Detection and characterisation of strong resistance to phosphine in brazilian Rhyzopertha dominica (f.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae). Pest Management Science, 63 358-364.
G7803 2007 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Rio Grande do Sul--
Sertao		 Lorini, Irineu, Collins, Patrick J, Daglish, Gregory J., Nayak, Manoj K, and Pavic, Hervoika. (2007). Detection and characterisation of strong resistance to phosphine in brazilian Rhyzopertha dominica (f.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae). Pest Management Science, 63 358-364.
G7800 2007 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Mato Grosso du sul--
Corumba		 Lorini, Irineu, Collins, Patrick J, Daglish, Gregory J., Nayak, Manoj K, and Pavic, Hervoika. (2007). Detection and characterisation of strong resistance to phosphine in brazilian Rhyzopertha dominica (f.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae). Pest Management Science, 63 358-364.
G7802 2007 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Rio Grande do Sul--
Santa Rosa		 Lorini, Irineu, Collins, Patrick J, Daglish, Gregory J., Nayak, Manoj K, and Pavic, Hervoika. (2007). Detection and characterisation of strong resistance to phosphine in brazilian Rhyzopertha dominica (f.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae). Pest Management Science, 63 358-364.
G7797 2007 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Rio Grande du sol--
Santo Augusto		 Lorini, Irineu, Collins, Patrick J, Daglish, Gregory J., Nayak, Manoj K, and Pavic, Hervoika. (2007). Detection and characterisation of strong resistance to phosphine in brazilian Rhyzopertha dominica (f.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae). Pest Management Science, 63 358-364.
G7798 2007 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Rio Grande du sol--
Santa Rosa		 Lorini, Irineu, Collins, Patrick J, Daglish, Gregory J., Nayak, Manoj K, and Pavic, Hervoika. (2007). Detection and characterisation of strong resistance to phosphine in brazilian Rhyzopertha dominica (f.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae). Pest Management Science, 63 358-364.
G7809 2007 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Parana--
Londrina		 Lorini, Irineu, Collins, Patrick J, Daglish, Gregory J., Nayak, Manoj K, and Pavic, Hervoika. (2007). Detection and characterisation of strong resistance to phosphine in brazilian Rhyzopertha dominica (f.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae). Pest Management Science, 63 358-364.
G7810 2007 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Mato Grosso do Sul--
Campo Grande		 Lorini, Irineu, Collins, Patrick J, Daglish, Gregory J., Nayak, Manoj K, and Pavic, Hervoika. (2007). Detection and characterisation of strong resistance to phosphine in brazilian Rhyzopertha dominica (f.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae). Pest Management Science, 63 358-364.
G7812 2007 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Parana--
Assai		 Lorini, Irineu, Collins, Patrick J, Daglish, Gregory J., Nayak, Manoj K, and Pavic, Hervoika. (2007). Detection and characterisation of strong resistance to phosphine in brazilian Rhyzopertha dominica (f.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae). Pest Management Science, 63 358-364.
G7813 2007 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Rio Grande do Sul--
Santa Rosa		 Lorini, Irineu, Collins, Patrick J, Daglish, Gregory J., Nayak, Manoj K, and Pavic, Hervoika. (2007). Detection and characterisation of strong resistance to phosphine in brazilian Rhyzopertha dominica (f.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae). Pest Management Science, 63 358-364.
G14928 2007 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Goias--
Rio Verde		 Pimentel, M., Faroni, L., Totola, M., and Guedes, R. (2007). Phosphine resistance, respiration rate and fitness consequences in stored-product insects. Pest Management Science, 63 876-881.
G7814 2007 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Rio Grande do Sul--
Chapada		 Lorini, Irineu, Collins, Patrick J, Daglish, Gregory J., Nayak, Manoj K, and Pavic, Hervoika. (2007). Detection and characterisation of strong resistance to phosphine in brazilian Rhyzopertha dominica (f.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae). Pest Management Science, 63 358-364.
G7815 2007 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Parana--
Maringa		 Lorini, Irineu, Collins, Patrick J, Daglish, Gregory J., Nayak, Manoj K, and Pavic, Hervoika. (2007). Detection and characterisation of strong resistance to phosphine in brazilian Rhyzopertha dominica (f.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae). Pest Management Science, 63 358-364.
G7816 2007 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Rio Grande do Sul--
Marau		 Lorini, Irineu, Collins, Patrick J, Daglish, Gregory J., Nayak, Manoj K, and Pavic, Hervoika. (2007). Detection and characterisation of strong resistance to phosphine in brazilian Rhyzopertha dominica (f.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae). Pest Management Science, 63 358-364.
G7801 2007 Field Evolved Resistance
 Brazil--
Mato Grosso du sul--
Corumba		 Lorini, Irineu, Collins, Patrick J, Daglish, Gregory J., Nayak, Manoj K, and Pavic, Hervoika. (2007). Detection and characterisation of strong resistance to phosphine in brazilian Rhyzopertha dominica (f.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae). Pest Management Science, 63 358-364.
G5234 1990 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Oklahoma		 Zettler, J.L., and G.W. Cuperus. (1990). Pesticide Resistance in Tribolium castaneum (coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in Wheat. Journal of Economic Entomology, 83(5) 1677-1681.
G3987 1981 Field Evolved Resistance
 Australia--
New South Wales		 Attia, F. I., and Greening, H. G. (1981). Survey of resistance to phosphine in coleopoterous pests of grain and stored products in New South Wales, Australia.. Gen. Appl. Entomol., 13 93-97.
G3253 1976 Field Evolved Resistance
 Greece Champ, B. R. and Dyte, C. E. (1976). FAO Global Survey of Pesticide Susceptibility of Stored Grain Pests, FAO Plant Production Prot.. Ser. No. 5.
G3254 1976 Field Evolved Resistance
 Central African Republic Champ, B. R. and Dyte, C. E. (1976). FAO Global Survey of Pesticide Susceptibility of Stored Grain Pests, FAO Plant Production Prot.. Ser. No. 5.
G3256 1976 Field Evolved Resistance
 Guyana Champ, B. R. and Dyte, C. E. (1976). FAO Global Survey of Pesticide Susceptibility of Stored Grain Pests, FAO Plant Production Prot.. Ser. No. 5.
G3258 1976 Field Evolved Resistance
 Australia Champ, B. R. and Dyte, C. E. (1976). FAO Global Survey of Pesticide Susceptibility of Stored Grain Pests, FAO Plant Production Prot.. Ser. No. 5.
G3259 1976 Field Evolved Resistance
 Argentina Champ, B. R. and Dyte, C. E. (1976). FAO Global Survey of Pesticide Susceptibility of Stored Grain Pests, FAO Plant Production Prot.. Ser. No. 5.
G3260 1976 Field Evolved Resistance
 India Champ, B. R. and Dyte, C. E. (1976). FAO Global Survey of Pesticide Susceptibility of Stored Grain Pests, FAO Plant Production Prot.. Ser. No. 5.
G3252 1976 Field Evolved Resistance
 Libya Champ, B. R. and Dyte, C. E. (1976). FAO Global Survey of Pesticide Susceptibility of Stored Grain Pests, FAO Plant Production Prot.. Ser. No. 5.
*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.
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