Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: pediculus humanus capitis

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
phthiraptera	pediculidae	head louse	MED	humans

Active Ingredient: permethrin

MOA: Sodium channel modulators, Pyrethroids, Pyrethrins, DDT
Group: PYR	CAS #: 52645-53-1	Shaugnessy Code: 109701

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G9635	2009	Field Evolved Resistance	Argentina-- Buenos Aires	Barrios, S., Zerba, E., Picollo, M.I., Audino, P.G. (2009). Activity of increased specific and non-specific esterases and glutathione transferases associated with resistance to permethrin in pediculus humanus capitis (phtiraptera: pediculae) from Argentina. Parasitology Resistance.
G9633	2009	Field Evolved Resistance	Argentina-- Buenos Aires	Barrios, S., Zerba, E., Picollo, M.I., Audino, P.G. (2009). Activity of increased specific and non-specific esterases and glutathione transferases associated with resistance to permethrin in pediculus humanus capitis (phtiraptera: pediculae) from Argentina. Parasitology Resistance.
G9632	2009	Field Evolved Resistance	Argentina-- Buenos Aires	Barrios, S., Zerba, E., Picollo, M.I., Audino, P.G. (2009). Activity of increased specific and non-specific esterases and glutathione transferases associated with resistance to permethrin in pediculus humanus capitis (phtiraptera: pediculae) from Argentina. Parasitology Resistance.
G9634	2009	Field Evolved Resistance	Argentina-- Buenos Aires	Barrios, S., Zerba, E., Picollo, M.I., Audino, P.G. (2009). Activity of increased specific and non-specific esterases and glutathione transferases associated with resistance to permethrin in pediculus humanus capitis (phtiraptera: pediculae) from Argentina. Parasitology Resistance.
G8719	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Argentina-- Buenos Aires	Cueto, G. M., Zerba, E. N., and Picollo, M. I. (2008). Evidence of Pyrethroid in Eggs of Pediculus humanus capitis (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) from Argentina. Journal of Medical Entomology, 45 693-697.
G8718	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Argentina-- Buenos Aires	Cueto, G. M., Zerba, E. N., and Picollo, M. I. (2008). Evidence of Pyrethroid in Eggs of Pediculus humanus capitis (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) from Argentina. Journal of Medical Entomology, 45 693-697.
G8717	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Argentina-- Buenos Aires	Cueto, G. M., Zerba, E. N., and Picollo, M. I. (2008). Evidence of Pyrethroid in Eggs of Pediculus humanus capitis (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) from Argentina. Journal of Medical Entomology, 45 693-697.
G8716	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Argentina-- Buenos Aires	Cueto, G. M., Zerba, E. N., and Picollo, M. I. (2008). Evidence of Pyrethroid in Eggs of Pediculus humanus capitis (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) from Argentina. Journal of Medical Entomology, 45 693-697.
G8715	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Argentina-- Buenos Aires	Cueto, G. M., Zerba, E. N., and Picollo, M. I. (2008). Evidence of Pyrethroid in Eggs of Pediculus humanus capitis (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) from Argentina. Journal of Medical Entomology, 45 693-697.
G8714	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Argentina-- Buenos Aires	Cueto, G. M., Zerba, E. N., and Picollo, M. I. (2008). Evidence of Pyrethroid in Eggs of Pediculus humanus capitis (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) from Argentina. Journal of Medical Entomology, 45 693-697.
G7300	2005	Unspecified	Argentina-- Buenos Aires	Audino, P.G, Barrios, S., Vassena, C., Cueto, G.M., Zerba, E., Picollo, M.I. (2005). Increased Monooxygenase Activity Associated with Resistance to Permethrin in Pediculus humanus capitis (Anoplura: Pediculidae) from Argentina. Journal of Medical Entomology, 42(3) 342-345.
G7301	2005	Unspecified	Argentina-- Buenos Aires	Audino, P.G, Barrios, S., Vassena, C., Cueto, G.M., Zerba, E., Picollo, M.I. (2005). Increased Monooxygenase Activity Associated with Resistance to Permethrin in Pediculus humanus capitis (Anoplura: Pediculidae) from Argentina. Journal of Medical Entomology, 42(3) 342-345.
G7299	2005	Unspecified	Argentina-- Buenos Aires	Audino, P.G, Barrios, S., Vassena, C., Cueto, G.M., Zerba, E., Picollo, M.I. (2005). Increased Monooxygenase Activity Associated with Resistance to Permethrin in Pediculus humanus capitis (Anoplura: Pediculidae) from Argentina. Journal of Medical Entomology, 42(3) 342-345.
G7298	2005	Unspecified	Argentina-- Buenos Aires	Audino, P.G, Barrios, S., Vassena, C., Cueto, G.M., Zerba, E., Picollo, M.I. (2005). Increased Monooxygenase Activity Associated with Resistance to Permethrin in Pediculus humanus capitis (Anoplura: Pediculidae) from Argentina. Journal of Medical Entomology, 42(3) 342-345.
G7297	2005	Unspecified	Argentina-- Buenos Aires	Audino, P.G, Barrios, S., Vassena, C., Cueto, G.M., Zerba, E., Picollo, M.I. (2005). Increased Monooxygenase Activity Associated with Resistance to Permethrin in Pediculus humanus capitis (Anoplura: Pediculidae) from Argentina. Journal of Medical Entomology, 42(3) 342-345.
G6828	2002	Unspecified	USA-- Florida-- Lee	Downs, A.M.R., K.A. Stafford, L.P. Hunt, J.C. Ravenscroft, and G.C. Coles. (2002). Widespread insecticide resistance in head lice to the over-the-counter pediculocides in England, and the emergence of carbaryl resistance. Brittish Journal of Dermatology, 146 88-93.
G6704	2003	Unspecified	Argentina-- Buenos Aires	Vassena, C.V., C.G. Mougabure, A.P. Gonzalez, R.A. Alzogaray, E.N. Zerba, and M.I. Picollo. (2003). Prevalence and levels of Permethrin Resistance in Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer (Anoplura: Pediculidae) from Buenos Aires, Argentina.. Journal of Medical Entomology, 40 447-450.
G6629	2002	Unspecified	England-- Bath	Downs, A.M.R., K.A. Stafford, L.P. Hunt, J.C. Ravenscroft, and G.C. Coles. (2002). Widespread insecticide resistance in head lice to the over-the-counter pediculocides in England, and the emergence of carbaryl resistance. Brittish Journal of Dermatology, 146 88-93.
G6628	2002	Unspecified	England-- Bristol	Downs, A.M.R., K.A. Stafford, L.P. Hunt, J.C. Ravenscroft, and G.C. Coles. (2002). Widespread insecticide resistance in head lice to the over-the-counter pediculocides in England, and the emergence of carbaryl resistance. Brittish Journal of Dermatology, 146 88-93.
G6586	2002	Unspecified	England-- Exmouth	Downs, A.M.R., K.A. Stafford, L.P. Hunt, J.C. Ravenscroft, and G.C. Coles. (2002). Widespread insecticide resistance in head lice to the over-the-counter pediculocides in England, and the emergence of carbaryl resistance. Brittish Journal of Dermatology, 146 88-93.
G6585	2002	Unspecified	England-- Loughborough	Downs, A.M.R., K.A. Stafford, L.P. Hunt, J.C. Ravenscroft, and G.C. Coles. (2002). Widespread insecticide resistance in head lice to the over-the-counter pediculocides in England, and the emergence of carbaryl resistance. Brittish Journal of Dermatology, 146 88-93.
G6584	2002	Unspecified	England-- Leeds	Downs, A.M.R., K.A. Stafford, L.P. Hunt, J.C. Ravenscroft, and G.C. Coles. (2002). Widespread insecticide resistance in head lice to the over-the-counter pediculocides in England, and the emergence of carbaryl resistance. Brittish Journal of Dermatology, 146 88-93.
G6583	2002	Unspecified	England-- South Shields	Downs, A.M.R., K.A. Stafford, L.P. Hunt, J.C. Ravenscroft, and G.C. Coles. (2002). Widespread insecticide resistance in head lice to the over-the-counter pediculocides in England, and the emergence of carbaryl resistance. Brittish Journal of Dermatology, 146 88-93.
G7857	1999	Field Evolved Resistance	USA-- Massachusetts and Idaho	Pollack, Kiszewski, Armstrong, Hahn, Wolfe, Rahman, Laserson, Telford III, and Spielman. (1999). Differential Permethrin Susceptibility of Head Lice Sampled in the United States and Borneo. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 153 969-973.
G5506	1993	Unspecified	France	Coz, J.C., Combescot-Lang, and V. Verdier. (1993). Resistance du put test Pediculus capitis L.1758 aux pyrethrinoides d.-phenothrine et pemethrine en France.. Bull. Soc. Fr. Parasitol., 2 245-252.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.