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APRD Survey

Dear Users:

We value your contribution to and use of the Arthropod Pesticide Resistance Database (APRD).

The APRD Team is conducting a Survey to gauge users experiences, our objective is to determine how the database enhances research, and to allow for users to provide feedback, suggestions and requests for potential improvements. Please take the anonymous survey using this link: Link to Survey

Thank you for your Participation,
David Mota-Sanchez
Arthropod Resistance Database Director


Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: anopheles gambiae

Order Family Common Name(s) Group Host
diptera culicidae african malaria mosquito MED

Active Ingredient: DDT

MOA: Sodium channel modulators, Pyrethroids, Pyrethrins, DDT
Group: OCL CAS #: 50293 Shaugnessy Code: 29201

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id Year of Report Type of Resistance Location Reference
G19479 2016 Field Evolved Resistance
Ghana--
Bongo--
Bongo
Dery, D. B., Segbaya, S., Asoalla, V., Amoyaw, F., Amoako, N., Agyeman-Budu, A., Oduro, A., Owusu-Agyei, S., and Asante, K. P. (2016). Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) Susceptibility to Insecticides and Knockdown Resistance Genes Prior to Introduction of Indoor Residual Spraying in 11 Districts in Ghana. Journal of Medical Entomology, 53 (6) 1403-1409.
G17349 2014 Field Evolved Resistance
West Africa--
Akron
Aizoun, N., Azondekon, R., Aikpon, R., Anagonou, R., Gnanguenon, V., and Akogbeto, M. (2014). Dynamics of insecticide resistance and exploring biochemical mechanisms involved in pyrethroids and dichlorodiphenytrichloroethane (DDT) cross-resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l populations from Benin, West Africa. Journal of Cell and Animal Biology, 8(3) 41-50.
G17416 2014 Field Evolved Resistance
Zambia--
Copperbelt--
Mufulira
Thomsen, E.K., Strode, C., Hemmings, K., Hughes, A.J., Chanda, E., Musapa, M., Kamuliwo, M., Phiri, F.N., Muzia, L., Chanda, J., Kandyata, A., Chirwa, B., Poer, K., Hemingway, J., Wondji, C.S., Ranson, H., and Coleman, M. (2014). Underpinning Sustainable Vector Control through Informed Insecticide Resistance Management. PLOSone, 9(6) e99822.
G17353 2014 Field Evolved Resistance
West Africa--
Suru-lere
Aizoun, N., Azondekon, R., Aikpon, R., Anagonou, R., Gnanguenon, V., and Akogbeto, M. (2014). Dynamics of insecticide resistance and exploring biochemical mechanisms involved in pyrethroids and dichlorodiphenytrichloroethane (DDT) cross-resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l populations from Benin, West Africa. Journal of Cell and Animal Biology, 8(3) 41-50.
G17411 2014 Field Evolved Resistance
Zambia--
Copperbelt--
Chililabobwe
Thomsen, E.K., Strode, C., Hemmings, K., Hughes, A.J., Chanda, E., Musapa, M., Kamuliwo, M., Phiri, F.N., Muzia, L., Chanda, J., Kandyata, A., Chirwa, B., Poer, K., Hemingway, J., Wondji, C.S., Ranson, H., and Coleman, M. (2014). Underpinning Sustainable Vector Control through Informed Insecticide Resistance Management. PLOSone, 9(6) e99822.
G17356 2014 Field Evolved Resistance
West Africa--
Bame
Aizoun, N., Azondekon, R., Aikpon, R., Anagonou, R., Gnanguenon, V., and Akogbeto, M. (2014). Dynamics of insecticide resistance and exploring biochemical mechanisms involved in pyrethroids and dichlorodiphenytrichloroethane (DDT) cross-resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l populations from Benin, West Africa. Journal of Cell and Animal Biology, 8(3) 41-50.
G19453 2016 Field Evolved Resistance
Ghana--
Upper East--
Bolgatanga
Dery, D. B., Segbaya, S., Asoalla, V., Amoyaw, F., Amoako, N., Agyeman-Budu, A., Oduro, A., Owusu-Agyei, S., and Asante, K. P. (2016). Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) Susceptibility to Insecticides and Knockdown Resistance Genes Prior to Introduction of Indoor Residual Spraying in 11 Districts in Ghana. Journal of Medical Entomology, 53 (6) 1403-1409.
G19455 2016 Field Evolved Resistance
Ghana--
Bawku West--
Zebilla
Dery, D. B., Segbaya, S., Asoalla, V., Amoyaw, F., Amoako, N., Agyeman-Budu, A., Oduro, A., Owusu-Agyei, S., and Asante, K. P. (2016). Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) Susceptibility to Insecticides and Knockdown Resistance Genes Prior to Introduction of Indoor Residual Spraying in 11 Districts in Ghana. Journal of Medical Entomology, 53 (6) 1403-1409.
G19458 2016 Field Evolved Resistance
Ghana--
Kassena-Nankana--
Navrongo
Dery, D. B., Segbaya, S., Asoalla, V., Amoyaw, F., Amoako, N., Agyeman-Budu, A., Oduro, A., Owusu-Agyei, S., and Asante, K. P. (2016). Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) Susceptibility to Insecticides and Knockdown Resistance Genes Prior to Introduction of Indoor Residual Spraying in 11 Districts in Ghana. Journal of Medical Entomology, 53 (6) 1403-1409.
G19460 2016 Field Evolved Resistance
Ghana--
Builsa--
Sandema
Dery, D. B., Segbaya, S., Asoalla, V., Amoyaw, F., Amoako, N., Agyeman-Budu, A., Oduro, A., Owusu-Agyei, S., and Asante, K. P. (2016). Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) Susceptibility to Insecticides and Knockdown Resistance Genes Prior to Introduction of Indoor Residual Spraying in 11 Districts in Ghana. Journal of Medical Entomology, 53 (6) 1403-1409.
G19462 2016 Field Evolved Resistance
Ghana--
Talensi-Nabdam--
Tongo
Dery, D. B., Segbaya, S., Asoalla, V., Amoyaw, F., Amoako, N., Agyeman-Budu, A., Oduro, A., Owusu-Agyei, S., and Asante, K. P. (2016). Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) Susceptibility to Insecticides and Knockdown Resistance Genes Prior to Introduction of Indoor Residual Spraying in 11 Districts in Ghana. Journal of Medical Entomology, 53 (6) 1403-1409.
G19463 2016 Field Evolved Resistance
Ghana--
Sissala East--
Tumu
Dery, D. B., Segbaya, S., Asoalla, V., Amoyaw, F., Amoako, N., Agyeman-Budu, A., Oduro, A., Owusu-Agyei, S., and Asante, K. P. (2016). Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) Susceptibility to Insecticides and Knockdown Resistance Genes Prior to Introduction of Indoor Residual Spraying in 11 Districts in Ghana. Journal of Medical Entomology, 53 (6) 1403-1409.
G19465 2016 Field Evolved Resistance
Ghana--
Nzema East--
Axim
Dery, D. B., Segbaya, S., Asoalla, V., Amoyaw, F., Amoako, N., Agyeman-Budu, A., Oduro, A., Owusu-Agyei, S., and Asante, K. P. (2016). Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) Susceptibility to Insecticides and Knockdown Resistance Genes Prior to Introduction of Indoor Residual Spraying in 11 Districts in Ghana. Journal of Medical Entomology, 53 (6) 1403-1409.
G19467 2016 Field Evolved Resistance
Ghana--
Ahanta West--
Agona Nkwanta
Dery, D. B., Segbaya, S., Asoalla, V., Amoyaw, F., Amoako, N., Agyeman-Budu, A., Oduro, A., Owusu-Agyei, S., and Asante, K. P. (2016). Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) Susceptibility to Insecticides and Knockdown Resistance Genes Prior to Introduction of Indoor Residual Spraying in 11 Districts in Ghana. Journal of Medical Entomology, 53 (6) 1403-1409.
G19469 2016 Field Evolved Resistance
Ghana--
Prestea Huni Valley--
Bogoso
Dery, D. B., Segbaya, S., Asoalla, V., Amoyaw, F., Amoako, N., Agyeman-Budu, A., Oduro, A., Owusu-Agyei, S., and Asante, K. P. (2016). Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) Susceptibility to Insecticides and Knockdown Resistance Genes Prior to Introduction of Indoor Residual Spraying in 11 Districts in Ghana. Journal of Medical Entomology, 53 (6) 1403-1409.
G17388 2014 Field Evolved Resistance
Zambia--
Copperbelt--
Chililabobwe
Thomsen, E.K., Strode, C., Hemmings, K., Hughes, A.J., Chanda, E., Musapa, M., Kamuliwo, M., Phiri, F.N., Muzia, L., Chanda, J., Kandyata, A., Chirwa, B., Poer, K., Hemingway, J., Wondji, C.S., Ranson, H., and Coleman, M. (2014). Underpinning Sustainable Vector Control through Informed Insecticide Resistance Management. PLOSone, 9(6) e99822.
G17390 2014 Field Evolved Resistance
Zambia--
Copperbelt--
Luanshya
Thomsen, E.K., Strode, C., Hemmings, K., Hughes, A.J., Chanda, E., Musapa, M., Kamuliwo, M., Phiri, F.N., Muzia, L., Chanda, J., Kandyata, A., Chirwa, B., Poer, K., Hemingway, J., Wondji, C.S., Ranson, H., and Coleman, M. (2014). Underpinning Sustainable Vector Control through Informed Insecticide Resistance Management. PLOSone, 9(6) e99822.
G18266 2015 Field Evolved Resistance
Mali--
Koulikoro--
Koulikoro
Cisse, M., Keita, C., Dicko, A., Dengela, D., Coleman, J., Lucas, B., Mihigo, J., Sadou, A., Belemvire, A., George, K., Fornadel, C., and Beach, R. (2015). Characterizing the insecticide resistance of Anopheles gambiae in Mali. Malaria Journal, 14.
G18267 2015 Field Evolved Resistance
Mali--
Kati
Cisse, M., Keita, C., Dicko, A., Dengela, D., Coleman, J., Lucas, B., Mihigo, J., Sadou, A., Belemvire, A., George, K., Fornadel, C., and Beach, R. (2015). Characterizing the insecticide resistance of Anopheles gambiae in Mali. Malaria Journal, 14.
G18268 2015 Field Evolved Resistance
Mali--
Segou--
Niono
Cisse, M., Keita, C., Dicko, A., Dengela, D., Coleman, J., Lucas, B., Mihigo, J., Sadou, A., Belemvire, A., George, K., Fornadel, C., and Beach, R. (2015). Characterizing the insecticide resistance of Anopheles gambiae in Mali. Malaria Journal, 14.
G18269 2015 Field Evolved Resistance
Mali--
Segou--
Bla
Cisse, M., Keita, C., Dicko, A., Dengela, D., Coleman, J., Lucas, B., Mihigo, J., Sadou, A., Belemvire, A., George, K., Fornadel, C., and Beach, R. (2015). Characterizing the insecticide resistance of Anopheles gambiae in Mali. Malaria Journal, 14.
G18270 2015 Field Evolved Resistance
Mali--
Segou--
Baraoueli
Cisse, M., Keita, C., Dicko, A., Dengela, D., Coleman, J., Lucas, B., Mihigo, J., Sadou, A., Belemvire, A., George, K., Fornadel, C., and Beach, R. (2015). Characterizing the insecticide resistance of Anopheles gambiae in Mali. Malaria Journal, 14.
G18271 2015 Field Evolved Resistance
Mali--
Sikasso--
Bougouni
Cisse, M., Keita, C., Dicko, A., Dengela, D., Coleman, J., Lucas, B., Mihigo, J., Sadou, A., Belemvire, A., George, K., Fornadel, C., and Beach, R. (2015). Characterizing the insecticide resistance of Anopheles gambiae in Mali. Malaria Journal, 14.
G18272 2015 Field Evolved Resistance
Mali--
Sikasso--
Silengue
Cisse, M., Keita, C., Dicko, A., Dengela, D., Coleman, J., Lucas, B., Mihigo, J., Sadou, A., Belemvire, A., George, K., Fornadel, C., and Beach, R. (2015). Characterizing the insecticide resistance of Anopheles gambiae in Mali. Malaria Journal, 14.
G18273 2015 Field Evolved Resistance
Mali--
Sikasso--
Kadiolo
Cisse, M., Keita, C., Dicko, A., Dengela, D., Coleman, J., Lucas, B., Mihigo, J., Sadou, A., Belemvire, A., George, K., Fornadel, C., and Beach, R. (2015). Characterizing the insecticide resistance of Anopheles gambiae in Mali. Malaria Journal, 14.
G18274 2015 Field Evolved Resistance
Mali--
Mopti--
Bankass
Cisse, M., Keita, C., Dicko, A., Dengela, D., Coleman, J., Lucas, B., Mihigo, J., Sadou, A., Belemvire, A., George, K., Fornadel, C., and Beach, R. (2015). Characterizing the insecticide resistance of Anopheles gambiae in Mali. Malaria Journal, 14.
G18275 2015 Field Evolved Resistance
Mali--
Mopti--
Djenne
Cisse, M., Keita, C., Dicko, A., Dengela, D., Coleman, J., Lucas, B., Mihigo, J., Sadou, A., Belemvire, A., George, K., Fornadel, C., and Beach, R. (2015). Characterizing the insecticide resistance of Anopheles gambiae in Mali. Malaria Journal, 14.
G18276 2015 Field Evolved Resistance
Mali--
Bamako
Cisse, M., Keita, C., Dicko, A., Dengela, D., Coleman, J., Lucas, B., Mihigo, J., Sadou, A., Belemvire, A., George, K., Fornadel, C., and Beach, R. (2015). Characterizing the insecticide resistance of Anopheles gambiae in Mali. Malaria Journal, 14.
G17389 2014 Field Evolved Resistance
Zambia--
Copperbelt--
Kitwe
Thomsen, E.K., Strode, C., Hemmings, K., Hughes, A.J., Chanda, E., Musapa, M., Kamuliwo, M., Phiri, F.N., Muzia, L., Chanda, J., Kandyata, A., Chirwa, B., Poer, K., Hemingway, J., Wondji, C.S., Ranson, H., and Coleman, M. (2014). Underpinning Sustainable Vector Control through Informed Insecticide Resistance Management. PLOSone, 9(6) e99822.
G15886 2013 Field Evolved Resistance
Tanzania--
Kagera Region--
Rwigembe
Protopopoff, N., Matowo, J., Malima, R., Kavishe, R., Kaaya, R., Wright, A., West, P. A., Kleinschmidt, I., Kisinza, W., Mosha, F. W., and Rowland, M. (2013). High level of resistance in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae to pyrethroid insecticides and reduced susceptibility to bendiocarb in north-western Tanzania. Malaria Journal, 12 149.
G15884 2013 Field Evolved Resistance
Tanzania--
Kagera Region--
Kyamyorwa
Protopopoff, N., Matowo, J., Malima, R., Kavishe, R., Kaaya, R., Wright, A., West, P. A., Kleinschmidt, I., Kisinza, W., Mosha, F. W., and Rowland, M. (2013). High level of resistance in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae to pyrethroid insecticides and reduced susceptibility to bendiocarb in north-western Tanzania. Malaria Journal, 12 149.
G15885 2013 Field Evolved Resistance
Tanzania--
Kagera Region--
Kyamyorwa
Protopopoff, N., Matowo, J., Malima, R., Kavishe, R., Kaaya, R., Wright, A., West, P. A., Kleinschmidt, I., Kisinza, W., Mosha, F. W., and Rowland, M. (2013). High level of resistance in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae to pyrethroid insecticides and reduced susceptibility to bendiocarb in north-western Tanzania. Malaria Journal, 12 149.
G15887 2013 Field Evolved Resistance
Tanzania--
Kagera Region--
Buhuma
Protopopoff, N., Matowo, J., Malima, R., Kavishe, R., Kaaya, R., Wright, A., West, P. A., Kleinschmidt, I., Kisinza, W., Mosha, F. W., and Rowland, M. (2013). High level of resistance in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae to pyrethroid insecticides and reduced susceptibility to bendiocarb in north-western Tanzania. Malaria Journal, 12 149.
G15888 2013 Field Evolved Resistance
Tanzania--
Kagera Region--
Kikagate
Protopopoff, N., Matowo, J., Malima, R., Kavishe, R., Kaaya, R., Wright, A., West, P. A., Kleinschmidt, I., Kisinza, W., Mosha, F. W., and Rowland, M. (2013). High level of resistance in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae to pyrethroid insecticides and reduced susceptibility to bendiocarb in north-western Tanzania. Malaria Journal, 12 149.
G15889 2013 Field Evolved Resistance
Tanzania--
Kagera Region--
Kiteme
Protopopoff, N., Matowo, J., Malima, R., Kavishe, R., Kaaya, R., Wright, A., West, P. A., Kleinschmidt, I., Kisinza, W., Mosha, F. W., and Rowland, M. (2013). High level of resistance in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae to pyrethroid insecticides and reduced susceptibility to bendiocarb in north-western Tanzania. Malaria Journal, 12 149.
G15507 2011 Field Evolved Resistance
Congo--
Pointe Noire--
Boutoto
Koekemoer, L. L., Spillings, B. L., Christian, R. N., Lo, T. M., Kaiser, M. L., Norton, R. A. I., Oliver, S. V., Choi, K. S., Brooke, B. D., Hunt, R. H., and Coetzee, M. (2011). Multiple insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) from Pointe Noire, Republic of the Congo. Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 11(8) 1193-1200.
G18620 2014 Field Evolved Resistance
Togo--
Kovie
Ahadji-Dabla, K. M., Ketoh, G. K., Nyamador, W. S., Apetogbo, G. Y., and Glitho, I. A. (2014). Susceptibility to DDT and pyrethroids, and detection of knockdown resistance mutation in Anopheles gambiae sensu lato in Southern Togo. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 8 314-323.
G18621 2014 Field Evolved Resistance
Togo--
Lome
Ahadji-Dabla, K. M., Ketoh, G. K., Nyamador, W. S., Apetogbo, G. Y., and Glitho, I. A. (2014). Susceptibility to DDT and pyrethroids, and detection of knockdown resistance mutation in Anopheles gambiae sensu lato in Southern Togo. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 8 314-323.
G17348 2014 Field Evolved Resistance
West Africa--
Akron--
Littoral
Aizoun, N., Azondekon, R., Aikpon, R., Anagonou, R., Gnanguenon, V., and Akogbeto, M. (2014). Dynamics of insecticide resistance and exploring biochemical mechanisms involved in pyrethroids and dichlorodiphenytrichloroethane (DDT) cross-resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l populations from Benin, West Africa. Journal of Cell and Animal Biology, 8(3) 41-50.
G17352 2014 Field Evolved Resistance
West Africa--
Suru-lere
Aizoun, N., Azondekon, R., Aikpon, R., Anagonou, R., Gnanguenon, V., and Akogbeto, M. (2014). Dynamics of insecticide resistance and exploring biochemical mechanisms involved in pyrethroids and dichlorodiphenytrichloroethane (DDT) cross-resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l populations from Benin, West Africa. Journal of Cell and Animal Biology, 8(3) 41-50.
G17355 2014 Field Evolved Resistance
West Africa--
Bame
Aizoun, N., Azondekon, R., Aikpon, R., Anagonou, R., Gnanguenon, V., and Akogbeto, M. (2014). Dynamics of insecticide resistance and exploring biochemical mechanisms involved in pyrethroids and dichlorodiphenytrichloroethane (DDT) cross-resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l populations from Benin, West Africa. Journal of Cell and Animal Biology, 8(3) 41-50.
G4464 1986 Field Evolved Resistance
Tanzania WHO 1986. (1986).
G4459 1986 Field Evolved Resistance
Burkina Faso WHO 1986. (1986).
G4460 1986 Field Evolved Resistance
Congo WHO 1986. (1986).
G4461 1986 Field Evolved Resistance
Ghana WHO 1986. (1986).
G4462 1986 Field Evolved Resistance
Mali WHO 1986. (1986).
G4463 1986 Field Evolved Resistance
Togo WHO 1986. (1986).
G3658 1980 Field Evolved Resistance
Zaire WHO 1980. (1980).
G3657 1980 Field Evolved Resistance
Niger WHO 1980. (1980).
G3656 1980 Field Evolved Resistance
Liberia WHO 1980. (1980).
G3059 1976 Field Evolved Resistance
Cameroon WHO 1976. (1976).
G3060 1976 Field Evolved Resistance
Central African Republic WHO 1976. (1976).
G3061 1976 Field Evolved Resistance
Nigeria WHO 1976. (1976).
G3062 1976 Field Evolved Resistance
South Africa WHO 1976. (1976).
G3058 1976 Field Evolved Resistance
Benin WHO 1976. (1976).
*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.