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APRD Survey

Dear Users:

We value your contribution to and use of the Arthropod Pesticide Resistance Database (APRD).

The APRD Team is conducting a Survey to gauge users experiences, our objective is to determine how the database enhances research, and to allow for users to provide feedback, suggestions and requests for potential improvements. Please take the anonymous survey using this link: Link to Survey

Thank you for your Participation,
David Mota-Sanchez
Arthropod Resistance Database Director

Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: helicoverpa zea

Order Family Common Name(s) Group Host
lepidoptera noctuidae corn earworm AG

Active Ingredient: Bacillus thuringiensis Cry2Ab2

MOA: Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes (includes transgenic crops), Bacillus thuringiensis (variety unstated)
Group: BAC CAS #: Shaugnessy Code: 0

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id Year of Report Type of Resistance Location Reference
G21044 2021 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Lousiana--
Winnsboro		 Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21036 2021 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Lousiana--
Winnsboro		 Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21037 2021 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Georgia--
Tifton		 Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21038 2021 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Georgia--
Tifton		 Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21039 2021 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
South Carolina--
Florence		 Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21040 2021 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
South Carolina--
Florence		 Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21041 2021 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
South Carolina--
Darlington		 Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21042 2021 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
North Carolina--
Lenoir		 Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21043 2021 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Lousiana--
Winnsboro		 Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21035 2021 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Lousiana--
Winnsboro		 Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21045 2021 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Lousiana--
St. Joseph		 Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21046 2021 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Lousiana--
Colfax		 Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21047 2021 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Mississippi--
Stoneville		 Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21048 2021 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Mississippi--
Leland		 Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21049 2021 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
South Carolina--
Darlington		 Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21050 2021 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Lousiana--
Winnsboro		 Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21051 2021 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Lousiana--
Alexandria		 Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21034 2021 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Lousiana--
Baton Rouge		 Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21052 2021 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Mississippi--
Stoneville		 Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21053 2021 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Arkansas--
Tillar		 Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21054 2021 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
North Carolina--
Lillington		 Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21055 2021 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Florida--
Santa Rosa		 Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21056 2021 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Lousiana--
Winnsboro		 Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21057 2021 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Mississippi--
Stoneville		 Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21058 2021 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
South Carolina--
Darlington		 Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G21059 2021 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Lousiana--
Alexandria		 Yu W, Lin S, Dimase M, Niu Y, Brown S, Head GP, Price PA, Reay-Jones FPF, Cook D, Reisig D, Thrash B, Ni X, Paula-Moraes SV and Huang F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in thesoutheastern United States.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.
G20526 2020
Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 USA Yang, F., Head, G.P., Price, P.A., Santiago González, J.C. and Kerns, D.L. (2020). Inheritance of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry2Ab2 protein resistance in Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Pest Management Science .
G20525 2020
Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**

 USA Yang, F., Head, G.P., Price, P.A., Santiago González, J.C. and Kerns, D.L. (2020). Inheritance of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry2Ab2 protein resistance in Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Pest Management Science .
G21517 2021 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Florida--
Santa Rosa		 Yu, W., Lin, S., Dimase, M.,Niu, Y., Brown, S., Head, G. P., Price, P. A., Reay-Jones, F. P. F., Cook, D., Reisig, D., Thrash, B., Ni, X., Paula-Moraes i, and Huang, F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in the southeastern United States. Journal of invertebrate pathology, 183 107560.
G21513 2021 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Louisiana--
Winnsboro		 Yu, W., Lin, S., Dimase, M.,Niu, Y., Brown, S., Head, G. P., Price, P. A., Reay-Jones, F. P. F., Cook, D., Reisig, D., Thrash, B., Ni, X., Paula-Moraes i, and Huang, F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in the southeastern United States. Journal of invertebrate pathology, 183 107560.
G21514 2021 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Louisiana--
Alexandria		 Yu, W., Lin, S., Dimase, M.,Niu, Y., Brown, S., Head, G. P., Price, P. A., Reay-Jones, F. P. F., Cook, D., Reisig, D., Thrash, B., Ni, X., Paula-Moraes i, and Huang, F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in the southeastern United States. Journal of invertebrate pathology, 183 107560.
G21515 2021 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Mississippi--
Tillar		 Yu, W., Lin, S., Dimase, M.,Niu, Y., Brown, S., Head, G. P., Price, P. A., Reay-Jones, F. P. F., Cook, D., Reisig, D., Thrash, B., Ni, X., Paula-Moraes i, and Huang, F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in the southeastern United States. Journal of invertebrate pathology, 183 107560.
G21516 2021 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
North Carolina--
Lillington		 Yu, W., Lin, S., Dimase, M.,Niu, Y., Brown, S., Head, G. P., Price, P. A., Reay-Jones, F. P. F., Cook, D., Reisig, D., Thrash, B., Ni, X., Paula-Moraes i, and Huang, F. (2021). Extended investigation of field-evolved resistance of the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins in the southeastern United States. Journal of invertebrate pathology, 183 107560.
G20635 2019 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Louisiana--
Franklin		 Kaura, G., Guoa, J., Brown, S., Headd, G. P., Priced, P. A., Paula-Moraese, S., Nif, X., Dimasea, M., and Huang, F. (2019). Field-evolved resistance of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) to transgenic maize expressing pyramided Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 proteins in northeast Louisiana, the United States. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 163 11-20.
G20633 2019 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Louisiana--
Franklin		 Kaura, G., Guoa, J., Brown, S., Headd, G. P., Priced, P. A., Paula-Moraese, S., Nif, X., Dimasea, M., and Huang, F. (2019). Field-evolved resistance of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) to transgenic maize expressing pyramided Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 proteins in northeast Louisiana, the United States. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 163 11-20.
G20632 2019 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Louisiana--
Tensas		 Kaura, G., Guoa, J., Brown, S., Headd, G. P., Priced, P. A., Paula-Moraese, S., Nif, X., Dimasea, M., and Huang, F. (2019). Field-evolved resistance of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) to transgenic maize expressing pyramided Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 proteins in northeast Louisiana, the United States. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 163 11-20.
G20588 2019 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
North Carolina--
Wayne		 Bilbo, R. T., Reay-Jones P. F. F., Reisig D., D. and Greene, K. J. (2019). Susceptibility of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 in North and South Carolina. Journal of Economic Entomology, 112 1845-1857.
G20587 2019 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
South Carolina--
Pickens		 Bilbo, R. T., Reay-Jones P. F. F., Reisig D., D. and Greene, K. J. (2019). Susceptibility of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 in North and South Carolina. Journal of Economic Entomology, 112 1845-1857.
G20586 2019 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
South Carolina--
Lee		 Bilbo, R. T., Reay-Jones P. F. F., Reisig D., D. and Greene, K. J. (2019). Susceptibility of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 in North and South Carolina. Journal of Economic Entomology, 112 1845-1857.
G20585 2019 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
North Carolina--
Johnston		 Bilbo, R. T., Reay-Jones P. F. F., Reisig D., D. and Greene, K. J. (2019). Susceptibility of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 in North and South Carolina. Journal of Economic Entomology, 112 1845-1857.
G20584 2019 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
South Carolina--
Darlington		 Bilbo, R. T., Reay-Jones P. F. F., Reisig D., D. and Greene, K. J. (2019). Susceptibility of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 in North and South Carolina. Journal of Economic Entomology, 112 1845-1857.
G20228 2019 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Louisiana--
Tensas Parish		 Kaur, G., Guo, J., Brown, S., Head, G. P., Price, P. A., Puala-Moraes, S., Ni, X., Dimase, M., and Huang, F. (2019). Field-evolved resistance of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) to transgenic maize expressing pyramided Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 proteins in northeast Louisiana, the United States. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 163 11-20.
G20227 2019 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Louisiana--
Franklin Parish		 Kaur, G., Guo, J., Brown, S., Head, G. P., Price, P. A., Puala-Moraes, S., Ni, X., Dimase, M., and Huang, F. (2019). Field-evolved resistance of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) to transgenic maize expressing pyramided Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 proteins in northeast Louisiana, the United States. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 163 11-20.
G20226 2019 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
Louisiana--
Franklin Parish		 Kaur, G., Guo, J., Brown, S., Head, G. P., Price, P. A., Puala-Moraes, S., Ni, X., Dimase, M., and Huang, F. (2019). Field-evolved resistance of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) to transgenic maize expressing pyramided Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 proteins in northeast Louisiana, the United States. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 163 11-20.
G20583 2019 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
North Carolina--
Duplin		 Bilbo, R. T., Reay-Jones P. F. F., Reisig D., D. and Greene, K. J. (2019). Susceptibility of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 in North and South Carolina. Journal of Economic Entomology, 112 1845-1857.
G20582 2019 Field Evolved Resistance
 USA--
South Carolina--
Darlington		 Bilbo, R. T., Reay-Jones P. F. F., Reisig D., D. and Greene, K. J. (2019). Susceptibility of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 in North and South Carolina. Journal of Economic Entomology, 112 1845-1857.
*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.
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