APRD Survey

Dear Users:

We value your contribution to and use of the Arthropod Pesticide Resistance Database (APRD).

The APRD Team is conducting a Survey to gauge users experiences, our objective is to determine how the database enhances research, and to allow for users to provide feedback, suggestions and requests for potential improvements. Please take the anonymous survey using this link: Link to Survey

Thank you for your Participation,
David Mota-Sanchez
Arthropod Resistance Database Director

Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: spodoptera litura

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
lepidoptera	noctuidae	mediterranean climbing cutworm	AG	Tobacco

Active Ingredient: indoxacarb

MOA: Voltage-dependent sodium channel blocker, Indoxacarb
Group: OXA	CAS #: 0	Shaugnessy Code: 0

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G21415	2022	Field Evolved Resistance	China	Shi, Y., Li, W., Zhou, Y., Liao, X., & Shi, L. (2022). Contribution of multiple overexpressed carboxylesterase genes to indoxacarb resistance in Spodoptera litura. Pest Management Science.
G21414	2022	Lab selected* Field Evolved Resistance	China	Shi, Y., Li, W., Zhou, Y., Liao, X., & Shi, L. (2022). Contribution of multiple overexpressed carboxylesterase genes to indoxacarb resistance in Spodoptera litura. Pest Management Science.
G21378	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	China	Wen-Tao Hou, Christian Staehelin, Mohammed Esmail Abdalla Elzaki, Muhammad Hafeez, Yu-Sen Luo, and Rui-Long Wang. (2021). Functional analysis of CYP6AE68, a cytochrome P450 gene associated with indoxacarb resistance in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 178.
G21377	2021	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	China	Wen-Tao Hou, Christian Staehelin, Mohammed Esmail Abdalla Elzaki, Muhammad Hafeez, Yu-Sen Luo, and Rui-Long Wang. (2021). Functional analysis of CYP6AE68, a cytochrome P450 gene associated with indoxacarb resistance in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 178.
G20170	2018	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Chengdu-- Jintang	Xuegui, Wang & Huang, Qian & Hao, Qiang & Ran, Shuang & Wu, Yaqiong & Cui, Peng & Yang, Jing & Jiang, Chunxian & Yang, Qunfang. (2018). Insecticide resistance and enhanced cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activity in field populations of Spodoptera litura from Sichuan, China.. Crop Protection., 106 110-116.
G20169	2018	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Leshan-- Shizhong	Xuegui, Wang & Huang, Qian & Hao, Qiang & Ran, Shuang & Wu, Yaqiong & Cui, Peng & Yang, Jing & Jiang, Chunxian & Yang, Qunfang. (2018). Insecticide resistance and enhanced cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activity in field populations of Spodoptera litura from Sichuan, China.. Crop Protection., 106 110-116.
G20168	2018	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Chengdu-- Shuangliu	Xuegui, Wang & Huang, Qian & Hao, Qiang & Ran, Shuang & Wu, Yaqiong & Cui, Peng & Yang, Jing & Jiang, Chunxian & Yang, Qunfang. (2018). Insecticide resistance and enhanced cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activity in field populations of Spodoptera litura from Sichuan, China.. Crop Protection., 106 110-116.
G15280	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Hunan-- Yiyang	Tong, H., Su, Q., Zhou, X., and Bai, L. (2013). Field resistance of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates and four newer chemistry insecticides in Hunan, China. Journal of Pest Science, 86 599-609.
G16196	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Rehan, A., Freed, S. (2014). Resistance selection, mechanism and stability of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to methoxyfenozide. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 110 7-12.
G15583	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Rehan, A., and Freed, S. (2014). Selection, mechanism, cross resistance and stability of spinosad resistance in Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Crop Protection, 56 10-15.
G15576	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Mianchanu	Rehan, A., and Freed, S. (2014). Selection, mechanism, cross resistance and stability of spinosad resistance in Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Crop Protection, 56 10-15.
G15572	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Mianchanu	Rehan, A., and Freed, S. (2014). Selection, mechanism, cross resistance and stability of spinosad resistance in Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Crop Protection, 56 10-15.
G15278	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Hunan-- Changde	Tong, H., Su, Q., Zhou, X., and Bai, L. (2013). Field resistance of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates and four newer chemistry insecticides in Hunan, China. Journal of Pest Science, 86 599-609.
G15275	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Hunan-- Yueyang	Tong, H., Su, Q., Zhou, X., and Bai, L. (2013). Field resistance of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates and four newer chemistry insecticides in Hunan, China. Journal of Pest Science, 86 599-609.
G15273	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Hunan-- Changsha	Tong, H., Su, Q., Zhou, X., and Bai, L. (2013). Field resistance of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates and four newer chemistry insecticides in Hunan, China. Journal of Pest Science, 86 599-609.
G15277	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Hunan-- Changde	Tong, H., Su, Q., Zhou, X., and Bai, L. (2013). Field resistance of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates and four newer chemistry insecticides in Hunan, China. Journal of Pest Science, 86 599-609.
G18846	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Bahawalpur	Saleem, M., Hussain, D., Ghouse, G., and Abbas, M. (2016). Monitoring of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of Punjab, Pakistan to conventional and new chemistry insecticides. Crop Protection, 79 177-184.
G18848	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Lodhran	Saleem, M., Hussain, D., Ghouse, G., and Abbas, M. (2016). Monitoring of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of Punjab, Pakistan to conventional and new chemistry insecticides. Crop Protection, 79 177-184.
G18851	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Kahror Pacca	Saleem, M., Hussain, D., Ghouse, G., and Abbas, M. (2016). Monitoring of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of Punjab, Pakistan to conventional and new chemistry insecticides. Crop Protection, 79 177-184.
G18852	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Dunyapur	Saleem, M., Hussain, D., Ghouse, G., and Abbas, M. (2016). Monitoring of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of Punjab, Pakistan to conventional and new chemistry insecticides. Crop Protection, 79 177-184.
G18855	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Saleem, M., Hussain, D., Ghouse, G., and Abbas, M. (2016). Monitoring of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of Punjab, Pakistan to conventional and new chemistry insecticides. Crop Protection, 79 177-184.
G18857	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Faisalabad	Saleem, M., Hussain, D., Ghouse, G., and Abbas, M. (2016). Monitoring of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of Punjab, Pakistan to conventional and new chemistry insecticides. Crop Protection, 79 177-184.
G15272	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Hunan-- Changsha	Tong, H., Su, Q., Zhou, X., and Bai, L. (2013). Field resistance of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates and four newer chemistry insecticides in Hunan, China. Journal of Pest Science, 86 599-609.
G15274	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Hunan-- Yueyang	Tong, H., Su, Q., Zhou, X., and Bai, L. (2013). Field resistance of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates and four newer chemistry insecticides in Hunan, China. Journal of Pest Science, 86 599-609.
G15279	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Hunan-- Yiyang	Tong, H., Su, Q., Zhou, X., and Bai, L. (2013). Field resistance of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates and four newer chemistry insecticides in Hunan, China. Journal of Pest Science, 86 599-609.
G18856	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Faisalabad	Saleem, M., Hussain, D., Ghouse, G., and Abbas, M. (2016). Monitoring of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of Punjab, Pakistan to conventional and new chemistry insecticides. Crop Protection, 79 177-184.
G18854	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Saleem, M., Hussain, D., Ghouse, G., and Abbas, M. (2016). Monitoring of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of Punjab, Pakistan to conventional and new chemistry insecticides. Crop Protection, 79 177-184.
G18850	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Kahror Pacca	Saleem, M., Hussain, D., Ghouse, G., and Abbas, M. (2016). Monitoring of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of Punjab, Pakistan to conventional and new chemistry insecticides. Crop Protection, 79 177-184.
G18847	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Lodhran	Saleem, M., Hussain, D., Ghouse, G., and Abbas, M. (2016). Monitoring of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of Punjab, Pakistan to conventional and new chemistry insecticides. Crop Protection, 79 177-184.
G15276	2013	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Hunan-- Changde	Tong, H., Su, Q., Zhou, X., and Bai, L. (2013). Field resistance of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates and four newer chemistry insecticides in Hunan, China. Journal of Pest Science, 86 599-609.
G18845	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Bahawalpur	Saleem, M., Hussain, D., Ghouse, G., and Abbas, M. (2016). Monitoring of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of Punjab, Pakistan to conventional and new chemistry insecticides. Crop Protection, 79 177-184.
G18853	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Saleem, M., Hussain, D., Ghouse, G., and Abbas, M. (2016). Monitoring of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of Punjab, Pakistan to conventional and new chemistry insecticides. Crop Protection, 79 177-184.
G18849	2016	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Kahror Pacca	Saleem, M., Hussain, D., Ghouse, G., and Abbas, M. (2016). Monitoring of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of Punjab, Pakistan to conventional and new chemistry insecticides. Crop Protection, 79 177-184.
G10538	2009	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan	Shad, S.A., Sayyeh, A.H., and Saleem, M.A. (2009). Cross-resistance, mode of inheritance and stability of resistance to emamectin in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Pest Management Science, 66 839-846.
G9903	2008	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Sayyed, A.H., Ahmad, M., Saleem, M.A. (2008). Cross-Resistance and Genetics of Resistance to Indoxacarb in Spodoptera litura (lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 101 472-479.
G17317	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Ahmad, M., and Mehmood R. (2015). Monitoring of Resistance to New Chemistry Insecticides in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology 1-10.
G14420	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Multan	Shad, S., Sayyed, A., Fazal, S., Saleem, M., Zaka, S., and Ali, M. (2012). Field evolved resistance to carbamates, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and new chemistry insecticides in Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Pesticide Science, 85 153-162.
G14422	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Multan	Shad, S., Sayyed, A., Fazal, S., Saleem, M., Zaka, S., and Ali, M. (2012). Field evolved resistance to carbamates, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and new chemistry insecticides in Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Pesticide Science, 85 153-162.
G17316	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Lahore	Ahmad, M., and Mehmood R. (2015). Monitoring of Resistance to New Chemistry Insecticides in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology 1-10.
G14418	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Bahawalpur	Shad, S., Sayyed, A., Fazal, S., Saleem, M., Zaka, S., and Ali, M. (2012). Field evolved resistance to carbamates, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and new chemistry insecticides in Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Pesticide Science, 85 153-162.
G14423	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Lodhran	Shad, S., Sayyed, A., Fazal, S., Saleem, M., Zaka, S., and Ali, M. (2012). Field evolved resistance to carbamates, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and new chemistry insecticides in Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Pesticide Science, 85 153-162.
G14421	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Rahimyar Khan	Shad, S., Sayyed, A., Fazal, S., Saleem, M., Zaka, S., and Ali, M. (2012). Field evolved resistance to carbamates, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and new chemistry insecticides in Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Pesticide Science, 85 153-162.
G14419	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Lodhran	Shad, S., Sayyed, A., Fazal, S., Saleem, M., Zaka, S., and Ali, M. (2012). Field evolved resistance to carbamates, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and new chemistry insecticides in Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Pesticide Science, 85 153-162.
G14417	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Bahawalpur	Shad, S., Sayyed, A., Fazal, S., Saleem, M., Zaka, S., and Ali, M. (2012). Field evolved resistance to carbamates, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and new chemistry insecticides in Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Pesticide Science, 85 153-162.
G17315	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Khokhran	Ahmad, M., and Mehmood R. (2015). Monitoring of Resistance to New Chemistry Insecticides in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology 1-10.
G17314	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Khanewal	Ahmad, M., and Mehmood R. (2015). Monitoring of Resistance to New Chemistry Insecticides in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology 1-10.
G17313	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Shershah	Ahmad, M., and Mehmood R. (2015). Monitoring of Resistance to New Chemistry Insecticides in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology 1-10.
G17311	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Shujabad	Ahmad, M., and Mehmood R. (2015). Monitoring of Resistance to New Chemistry Insecticides in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology 1-10.
G17312	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Kabirwala	Ahmad, M., and Mehmood R. (2015). Monitoring of Resistance to New Chemistry Insecticides in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology 1-10.
G17310	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Khanewal	Ahmad, M., and Mehmood R. (2015). Monitoring of Resistance to New Chemistry Insecticides in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology 1-10.
G17309	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Muzaffargarh	Ahmad, M., and Mehmood R. (2015). Monitoring of Resistance to New Chemistry Insecticides in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology 1-10.
G17308	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Lar	Ahmad, M., and Mehmood R. (2015). Monitoring of Resistance to New Chemistry Insecticides in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology 1-10.
G17307	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Shujabad	Ahmad, M., and Mehmood R. (2015). Monitoring of Resistance to New Chemistry Insecticides in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology 1-10.
G17306	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Lar	Ahmad, M., and Mehmood R. (2015). Monitoring of Resistance to New Chemistry Insecticides in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology 1-10.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.

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