APRD Survey

Dear Users:

We value your contribution to and use of the Arthropod Pesticide Resistance Database (APRD).

The APRD Team is conducting a Survey to gauge users experiences, our objective is to determine how the database enhances research, and to allow for users to provide feedback, suggestions and requests for potential improvements. Please take the anonymous survey using this link: Link to Survey

Thank you for your Participation,
David Mota-Sanchez
Arthropod Resistance Database Director

Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: spodoptera exigua

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
lepidoptera	noctuidae	beet army worm, lesser army worm	AG	cotton, tomato, celery, lettuce, cabbage and alfalfa

Active Ingredient: emamectin benzoate

MOA: Chloride channel activators, Avermectins, Milbemycins
Group: ABM	CAS #: 137512-74-4	Shaugnessy Code: 122806

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Type of Resistance	Location	Reference
G22340	2022	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Shanghai-- Fenxian District	Teng, H., Zuo, Y., Yuan, J., Fabrick, J.A., Wu, Y., and Yang, Y. (2022). High frequency of ryanodine receptor and cytochrome P450 CYP9A186 mutations in insecticide-resistant field populations of Spodoptera exigua from China. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 186.
G22339	2022	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Henan Province-- Luoyang	Teng, H., Zuo, Y., Yuan, J., Fabrick, J.A., Wu, Y., and Yang, Y. (2022). High frequency of ryanodine receptor and cytochrome P450 CYP9A186 mutations in insecticide-resistant field populations of Spodoptera exigua from China. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 186.
G22338	2022	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Shandong Province-- Tai’an	Teng, H., Zuo, Y., Yuan, J., Fabrick, J.A., Wu, Y., and Yang, Y. (2022). High frequency of ryanodine receptor and cytochrome P450 CYP9A186 mutations in insecticide-resistant field populations of Spodoptera exigua from China. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 186.
G22337	2022	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Fujiang Province-- Changle	Teng, H., Zuo, Y., Yuan, J., Fabrick, J.A., Wu, Y., and Yang, Y. (2022). High frequency of ryanodine receptor and cytochrome P450 CYP9A186 mutations in insecticide-resistant field populations of Spodoptera exigua from China. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 186.
G22336	2022	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Shanghai-- Qingpu District,	Teng, H., Zuo, Y., Yuan, J., Fabrick, J.A., Wu, Y., and Yang, Y. (2022). High frequency of ryanodine receptor and cytochrome P450 CYP9A186 mutations in insecticide-resistant field populations of Spodoptera exigua from China. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 186.
G22335	2022	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Jiangsu Province-- Nanjing	Teng, H., Zuo, Y., Yuan, J., Fabrick, J.A., Wu, Y., and Yang, Y. (2022). High frequency of ryanodine receptor and cytochrome P450 CYP9A186 mutations in insecticide-resistant field populations of Spodoptera exigua from China. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 186.
G21531	2021	Lab selected*	China	Zuo, Y., Shi, Y., Zhang, F., Guan, F., Zhang, J., Feyereisen, R., and Wu, Y. (2021). Genome mapping coupled with CRISPR gene editing reveals a P450 gene confers avermectin resistance in the beet armyworm. PLoS genetics, 17(7).
G21276	2021	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Henan-- Nanyang	Jing-Mei Huang, Yun-Xia Zhao, Hao Sun, Huan Ni, Chong Liu, Xin Wang, Cong-Fen Gao, and Shun-Fan Wu. (2021). Monitoring and mechanisms of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), with special reference to diamides,. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 174 1-7.
G21530	2021	Lab selected*	China	Zuo, Y., Shi, Y., Zhang, F., Guan, F., Zhang, J., Feyereisen, R., and Wu, Y. (2021). Genome mapping coupled with CRISPR gene editing reveals a P450 gene confers avermectin resistance in the beet armyworm. PLoS genetics, 17(7).
G20686	2020	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Hunan-- Linin	Tang T, Hu F, Wang P, Fu W and Liu X. (2020). Broflanilide effectively controls Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera exigua exhibiting diverse susceptibilities to chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate.. Pest Management Science, 3 1262-1272.
G20687	2020	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Hunan-- Changsha	Tang T, Hu F, Wang P, Fu W and Liu X. (2020). Broflanilide effectively controls Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera exigua exhibiting diverse susceptibilities to chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate.. Pest Management Science, 3 1262-1272.
G21632	2022	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Fujiang Province	Teng, H., Zuo, Y., Yuan, J., Fabrick, J. A., Wu, Y., & Yang, Y. (2022). High frequency of ryanodine receptor and cytochrome P450 CYP9A186 mutations in insecticide-resistant field populations of Spodoptera exigua from China.. Pesticide biochemistry and physiology, 186.
G21635	2022	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Shanghai	Teng, H., Zuo, Y., Yuan, J., Fabrick, J. A., Wu, Y., & Yang, Y. (2022). High frequency of ryanodine receptor and cytochrome P450 CYP9A186 mutations in insecticide-resistant field populations of Spodoptera exigua from China.. Pesticide biochemistry and physiology, 186.
G21634	2022	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Henan Province	Teng, H., Zuo, Y., Yuan, J., Fabrick, J. A., Wu, Y., & Yang, Y. (2022). High frequency of ryanodine receptor and cytochrome P450 CYP9A186 mutations in insecticide-resistant field populations of Spodoptera exigua from China.. Pesticide biochemistry and physiology, 186.
G21630	2022	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Jiangsu	Teng, H., Zuo, Y., Yuan, J., Fabrick, J. A., Wu, Y., & Yang, Y. (2022). High frequency of ryanodine receptor and cytochrome P450 CYP9A186 mutations in insecticide-resistant field populations of Spodoptera exigua from China.. Pesticide biochemistry and physiology, 186.
G21631	2022	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Jiangsu	Teng, H., Zuo, Y., Yuan, J., Fabrick, J. A., Wu, Y., & Yang, Y. (2022). High frequency of ryanodine receptor and cytochrome P450 CYP9A186 mutations in insecticide-resistant field populations of Spodoptera exigua from China.. Pesticide biochemistry and physiology, 186.
G21633	2022	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Shandong Province	Teng, H., Zuo, Y., Yuan, J., Fabrick, J. A., Wu, Y., & Yang, Y. (2022). High frequency of ryanodine receptor and cytochrome P450 CYP9A186 mutations in insecticide-resistant field populations of Spodoptera exigua from China.. Pesticide biochemistry and physiology, 186.
G20125	2018	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab province	Ahmad, Mushtaq & Farid, Abid & Saeed, Dr. Muhammad. (2018). Resistance to new insecticides and their synergism in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Crop Protection, 107 79-86.
G20124	2018	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab province	Ahmad, Mushtaq & Farid, Abid & Saeed, Dr. Muhammad. (2018). Resistance to new insecticides and their synergism in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Crop Protection, 107 79-86.
G20123	2018	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab province	Ahmad, Mushtaq & Farid, Abid & Saeed, Dr. Muhammad. (2018). Resistance to new insecticides and their synergism in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Crop Protection, 107 79-86.
G20122	2018	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab province	Ahmad, Mushtaq & Farid, Abid & Saeed, Dr. Muhammad. (2018). Resistance to new insecticides and their synergism in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Crop Protection, 107 79-86.
G16084	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Shandong-- Tengzhou	Gao, M., Li, X., Mu, W., Zhang, P., Zhou, C. (2014). Resistant levels of Spodoptera exigua to eight various insecticides in Shandong, China. Journal of Pesticide Science, 39 7-13.
G20121	2018	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab province	Ahmad, Mushtaq & Farid, Abid & Saeed, Dr. Muhammad. (2018). Resistance to new insecticides and their synergism in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Crop Protection, 107 79-86.
G20120	2018	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab province	Ahmad, Mushtaq & Farid, Abid & Saeed, Dr. Muhammad. (2018). Resistance to new insecticides and their synergism in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Crop Protection, 107 79-86.
G16083	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Shandong-- Binzhou	Gao, M., Li, X., Mu, W., Zhang, P., Zhou, C. (2014). Resistant levels of Spodoptera exigua to eight various insecticides in Shandong, China. Journal of Pesticide Science, 39 7-13.
G16082	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Shandong-- Zhangqui	Gao, M., Li, X., Mu, W., Zhang, P., Zhou, C. (2014). Resistant levels of Spodoptera exigua to eight various insecticides in Shandong, China. Journal of Pesticide Science, 39 7-13.
G15994	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Guangdong-- Huizhou	Su, J., and Sun, X. (2014). High level of metaflumizone resistance and multiple insecticide resistance in field populations of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Guangdong Province, China. Crop Protection, 61 58-63.
G15296	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Jiangsu-- Luhe	Che, W., Shi, T., Wu, Y., and Yang, Y. (2012). Insecticide Resistance Status of Field Populations of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from China. Journal of Economic Entomology, 106(4) 1855-1862.
G15300	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Shanghai-- Fengxian	Che, W., Shi, T., Wu, Y., and Yang, Y. (2012). Insecticide Resistance Status of Field Populations of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from China. Journal of Economic Entomology, 106(4) 1855-1862.
G16079	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Shandong-- Zhangqui	Gao, M., Li, X., Mu, W., Zhang, P., Zhou, C. (2014). Resistant levels of Spodoptera exigua to eight various insecticides in Shandong, China. Journal of Pesticide Science, 39 7-13.
G15287	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Sichuan-- Yibin	Che, W., Shi, T., Wu, Y., and Yang, Y. (2012). Insecticide Resistance Status of Field Populations of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from China. Journal of Economic Entomology, 106(4) 1855-1862.
G15295	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Jiangsu-- Luhe	Che, W., Shi, T., Wu, Y., and Yang, Y. (2012). Insecticide Resistance Status of Field Populations of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from China. Journal of Economic Entomology, 106(4) 1855-1862.
G15299	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Shanghai-- Fengxian	Che, W., Shi, T., Wu, Y., and Yang, Y. (2012). Insecticide Resistance Status of Field Populations of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from China. Journal of Economic Entomology, 106(4) 1855-1862.
G20119	2018	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab province	Ahmad, Mushtaq & Farid, Abid & Saeed, Dr. Muhammad. (2018). Resistance to new insecticides and their synergism in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Crop Protection, 107 79-86.
G18427	2015	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	China-- Shanghai-- Chongming	Che, W., Huang, J., Guan, F., Wu, Y., and Yang, Y. (2015). Cross-resistance and Inheritance of Resistance to Emamectin Benzoate in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Economic Entomology , 108 2015-2020.
G18426	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Shanghai-- Chongming	Che, W., Huang, J., Guan, F., Wu, Y., and Yang, Y. (2015). Cross-resistance and Inheritance of Resistance to Emamectin Benzoate in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Economic Entomology , 108 2015-2020.
G18425	2015	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Shanghai-- Chongming	Che, W., Huang, J., Guan, F., Wu, Y., and Yang, Y. (2015). Cross-resistance and Inheritance of Resistance to Emamectin Benzoate in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Economic Entomology , 108 2015-2020.
G15985	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Guangdong-- Huizhou	Su, J., and Sun, X. (2014). High level of metaflumizone resistance and multiple insecticide resistance in field populations of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Guangdong Province, China. Crop Protection, 61 58-63.
G16081	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Shandong-- Binzhou	Gao, M., Li, X., Mu, W., Zhang, P., Zhou, C. (2014). Resistant levels of Spodoptera exigua to eight various insecticides in Shandong, China. Journal of Pesticide Science, 39 7-13.
G16080	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Shandong-- Tengzhou	Gao, M., Li, X., Mu, W., Zhang, P., Zhou, C. (2014). Resistant levels of Spodoptera exigua to eight various insecticides in Shandong, China. Journal of Pesticide Science, 39 7-13.
G16308	2014	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Khanewal	Ishtiaq, M., Razaq, M., Saleem, M. A., Anjum, F., Noor ul Ane, M., Raza, A. M., and Wright, D. (2014). Stability, cross-resistance and fitness costs of resistance to emamectin benzoate in a re-selected field population of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Crop Protection, 65 227-231.
G13479	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Khanewal	Ishtiaq, M., Mushtaq, A., and Razaq, M. (2012). Monitoring of resistance in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of the Southern Punjab, Pakistan to four conventional and six new chemistry insecticides. Crop Proctection , 33 13-20.
G13480	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Khanewal	Ishtiaq, M., Mushtaq, A., and Razaq, M. (2012). Monitoring of resistance in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of the Southern Punjab, Pakistan to four conventional and six new chemistry insecticides. Crop Proctection , 33 13-20.
G13481	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Shujabad	Ishtiaq, M., Mushtaq, A., and Razaq, M. (2012). Monitoring of resistance in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of the Southern Punjab, Pakistan to four conventional and six new chemistry insecticides. Crop Proctection , 33 13-20.
G13482	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Dunyapur	Ishtiaq, M., Mushtaq, A., and Razaq, M. (2012). Monitoring of resistance in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of the Southern Punjab, Pakistan to four conventional and six new chemistry insecticides. Crop Proctection , 33 13-20.
G13483	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Dunyapur	Ishtiaq, M., Mushtaq, A., and Razaq, M. (2012). Monitoring of resistance in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of the Southern Punjab, Pakistan to four conventional and six new chemistry insecticides. Crop Proctection , 33 13-20.
G13484	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Lodhran	Ishtiaq, M., Mushtaq, A., and Razaq, M. (2012). Monitoring of resistance in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of the Southern Punjab, Pakistan to four conventional and six new chemistry insecticides. Crop Proctection , 33 13-20.
G13485	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Lodhran	Ishtiaq, M., Mushtaq, A., and Razaq, M. (2012). Monitoring of resistance in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of the Southern Punjab, Pakistan to four conventional and six new chemistry insecticides. Crop Proctection , 33 13-20.
G13486	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Vehari	Ishtiaq, M., Mushtaq, A., and Razaq, M. (2012). Monitoring of resistance in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of the Southern Punjab, Pakistan to four conventional and six new chemistry insecticides. Crop Proctection , 33 13-20.
G13487	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Vehari	Ishtiaq, M., Mushtaq, A., and Razaq, M. (2012). Monitoring of resistance in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of the Southern Punjab, Pakistan to four conventional and six new chemistry insecticides. Crop Proctection , 33 13-20.
G15286	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Yunnan-- Jinning	Che, W., Shi, T., Wu, Y., and Yang, Y. (2012). Insecticide Resistance Status of Field Populations of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from China. Journal of Economic Entomology, 106(4) 1855-1862.
G15289	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Shanxi-- Yanliang	Che, W., Shi, T., Wu, Y., and Yang, Y. (2012). Insecticide Resistance Status of Field Populations of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from China. Journal of Economic Entomology, 106(4) 1855-1862.
G15294	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Jiangsu-- Luhe	Che, W., Shi, T., Wu, Y., and Yang, Y. (2012). Insecticide Resistance Status of Field Populations of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from China. Journal of Economic Entomology, 106(4) 1855-1862.
G15298	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Shanghai-- Fengxian	Che, W., Shi, T., Wu, Y., and Yang, Y. (2012). Insecticide Resistance Status of Field Populations of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from China. Journal of Economic Entomology, 106(4) 1855-1862.
G13478	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Multan	Ishtiaq, M., Mushtaq, A., and Razaq, M. (2012). Monitoring of resistance in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from four districts of the Southern Punjab, Pakistan to four conventional and six new chemistry insecticides. Crop Proctection , 33 13-20.
G16157	2014	Lab selected after field-evolved resistance**	Pakistan-- Punjab	Zaka, S.M., Abbas, N., Shad, S. A., Shah, R., M. (2014). Effect of emamectin benzoate on life history traits and relative fitness of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Phytoparasitica.
G20118	2018	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab province	Ahmad, Mushtaq & Farid, Abid & Saeed, Dr. Muhammad. (2018). Resistance to new insecticides and their synergism in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Crop Protection, 107 79-86.
G16305	2014	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab-- Khanewal	Ishtiaq, M., Razaq, M., Saleem, M. A., Anjum, F., Noor ul Ane, M., Raza, A. M., and Wright, D. (2014). Stability, cross-resistance and fitness costs of resistance to emamectin benzoate in a re-selected field population of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Crop Protection, 65 227-231.
G15290	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Jiangxi-- Yongxiu	Che, W., Shi, T., Wu, Y., and Yang, Y. (2012). Insecticide Resistance Status of Field Populations of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from China. Journal of Economic Entomology, 106(4) 1855-1862.
G15288	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Shanxi-- Yanliang	Che, W., Shi, T., Wu, Y., and Yang, Y. (2012). Insecticide Resistance Status of Field Populations of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from China. Journal of Economic Entomology, 106(4) 1855-1862.
G15291	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Fujian-- Longhai	Che, W., Shi, T., Wu, Y., and Yang, Y. (2012). Insecticide Resistance Status of Field Populations of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from China. Journal of Economic Entomology, 106(4) 1855-1862.
G15292	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Jiangsu-- Huaian	Che, W., Shi, T., Wu, Y., and Yang, Y. (2012). Insecticide Resistance Status of Field Populations of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from China. Journal of Economic Entomology, 106(4) 1855-1862.
G15293	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Jiangsu-- Luhe	Che, W., Shi, T., Wu, Y., and Yang, Y. (2012). Insecticide Resistance Status of Field Populations of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from China. Journal of Economic Entomology, 106(4) 1855-1862.
G15297	2012	Field Evolved Resistance	China-- Shanghai-- Fengxian	Che, W., Shi, T., Wu, Y., and Yang, Y. (2012). Insecticide Resistance Status of Field Populations of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from China. Journal of Economic Entomology, 106(4) 1855-1862.
G20117	2018	Field Evolved Resistance	Pakistan-- Punjab province	Ahmad, Mushtaq & Farid, Abid & Saeed, Dr. Muhammad. (2018). Resistance to new insecticides and their synergism in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan. Crop Protection, 107 79-86.

*The population was created solely by selection and/or genetic manipulation.
**The population was selected further in the laboratory after collection.

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