Reported Resistance Case(s)

Species: helicoverpa armigera

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
lepidoptera	noctuidae	cotton bollworm	AG	cotton, corn, sorghum, tomato

Active Ingredient: Bacillus thuringiensis (var. unspecified)

MOA:	Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes (includes transgenic crops), Bacillus thuringiensis (variety unstated)
Group:	BAC CAS #: n/a Shaugnessy Code: 6400

Resistance Case(s)

Case Id	Year of Report	Location	Reference
	2005	China -- lab selected	Xu, X., Yu, Y., Wu, Y. (2005). Disruption of a Cadherin Gene Associated with Resistance to Cry1Ac delta-Endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis in Helicoverpa armigera. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 71(2), 948-954.
	2005	China -- lab selected	Xu, X., Yu, Y., Wu, Y. (2005). Disruption of a Cadherin Gene Associated with Resistance to Cry1Ac delta-Endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis in Helicoverpa armigera. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 71(2), 948-954.
	2005	China -- lab selected	Xu, X., Yu, Y., Wu, Y. (2005). Disruption of a Cadherin Gene Associated with Resistance to Cry1Ac delta-Endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis in Helicoverpa armigera. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 71(2), 948-954.
	2003	Australia	Akhurst, R. J., W. James, L. Bird, and C. Beard. (2003). Resistance to the Cry1Ac endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis in the Cottom Bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J. Econ. Entomol., 96(4), 1290-1299.
	2003	Australia	Akhurst, R. J., W. James, L. Bird, and C. Beard. (2003). Resistance to the Cry1Ac endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis in the Cottom Bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J. Econ. Entomol., 96(4), 1290-1299.