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helicoverpa armigera

Profile

Order Family Common Name(s) Group Host
lepidoptera noctuidae cotton bollworm AG cotton, corn, sorghum, tomato

Shown Resistance to Active Ingredient(s)

  1. Bacillus thuringiensis (var. unspecified)
  2. Bacillus thuringiensis HD73 spore/crystal
  3. Bacillus thuringiensis MVP II
  4. Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki
  5. Carbamates - Unspecified in Literature
  6. DDT
  7. azinphos-methyl
  8. bifenthrin
  9. carbaryl
  10. chlorpyrifos
  11. cyfluthrin
  12. cyfluthrin-beta
  13. cyhalothrin
  14. cyhalothrin-gamma
  15. cyhalothrin-lambda
  16. cypermethrin
  17. cypermethrin-alpha
  18. cypermethrin-zeta
  19. deltamethrin
  20. endosulfan
  21. endrin
  22. esfenvalerate
  23. etofenprox
  24. fenvalerate
  25. flucythrinate
  26. flumethrin
  27. fluvalinate-tau
  28. isoxathion
  29. malathion
  30. methomyl
  31. monocrotophos
  32. parathion-methyl
  33. permethrin
  34. phoxim
  35. profenofos
  36. quinalphos
  37. spinosad
  38. tefluthrin
  39. tetramethrin
  40. thiodicarb
  41. toxaphene
  42. transfluthrin
  43. tribufos

Citation(s) of Resistance

  1. Ahmad, M., M.I. Arif, and M.R. Attique. (1997). Pyrethroid resistance of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Nocutuidae) in Pakistan. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 87, 343-347.
  2. Wu, K., G. Liang, and Y. Guo. (1997). Phoxim Resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in China. Journal of Economic Entomology, 90(4), 868-872.
  3. Glenn, D.C., A.A. Hoffman, and G. McDonald. (1994). Resistance to Pyrethroids in Helcoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Corn: Adult Resistance, larval Resistance, and Fitness Effects. Journal of Economic Entomology, 87(5), 1165-1171.
  4. Gunning, R.V. (1993). Comparison of Two Bioassay Techniques for larvae of Helicoverpa spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 86(2), 234-238.
  5. Ahmad, M., M.I. Arif, and Z. Ahmad. (1995). Monitoring Insecticide Resistance of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology, 88(4), 771-776.
  6. Ahmad, M., R.T. Gladwell, and A.R. McGaffery. (1989). Decreased Nerve Sensitivity is a mechanism of resistance in a pyrethroid resistant strain of heliothis armigera from thailand. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 35, 165-171.
  7. McCaffery, A.R., and A.J. Walker. (1991). Insecticide Resistance in the Bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera from Indonesia. Pesticide Science, 32, 85-90.
  8. Armes, N.J., D.R. Jadhav, G.S. Bond, and A.B.S. King. (1992). Insecticide Resistance in Helicoverpa armigera in south India. Pesticide Science, 34, 355-364.
  9. Gunning, R.V., M.E. Balfe, and C.S. Easton. (1992). Carbamate Resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidooptera: Noctuidae) in Austrailia. Journal of the Austrailian Entomological Society, 31, 97-103.
  10. Gunning, R.V., and C.S. Easton. (1989). Pyrethroid Resistance in Heliothis armigera collected from unsprayed maize crops in new south wales 1983-1987. Journal of the Austrailian Entomological Society, 28, 57-61.
  11. Cen, W. (1992). Investigation on the Resisance Level of The Cotton Bollworm Heliothis armigera to Four Kinds of Pyrethroid Pesticides in China in 1991. Resistant Pest Management Newsletter, 4, 17-21.
  12. Srivastava, C.P. (1995). Insecticide Resistance in Helicoverpa armigera in India. Resistant Pest Management Newsletter, 7, 4-5.
  13. Daly, J.C., and G.P. Fitt. (1990). Resistance Frequencies in Overwintering Pupae and the First Spring Generation of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Selective Mortality and Immigration. Journal of Economic Entomology, 83(5), 1682-1688.
  14. Martin, T., G.O. Ochou, M. Vaissayre, and D. Fournier. (2003). Monitoring of insecticide resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) from 1998 to 2002 in Cote d\'Ivorie, West Africa. Resistant Pest Management Newsletter, 12(2), 51-55.
  15. Akhurst, R. J., W. James, L. Bird, and C. Beard. (2003). Resistance to the Cry1Ac endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis in the Cottom Bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J. Econ. Entomol., 96(4), 1290-1299.
  16. Cooke, L.R. (2002). Evidence of shift in susceptibility of Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin Cry1Ac in Australia Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Resistance Pest Management Newsletter, 11(2), 44-48.
  17. Martin, T., G.O. Ochou, M. Vaissayre, and D. Fournier. (2002). Positive and negative cross-resistance to pyrethroids in Helicoverpa armigera from West Africa. Resistant Pest Management Newsletter, 12(1), 16-19.
  18. Gunning, R.V., G.D. Moores, and A. Devonshire. (1996). Insensitive acetylcholinesterase and resistance to thiodicarb in Australian Helicoverpa armigera Hubner (Lepidopera: Noctuidae). Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 55, 21-28.
  19. Fengxia, M., J. Shen, W. Zhou, and H. Cen. (2003). Long-term selection for resistance to transgenic cotton expressing Bacillus thuringiensis toxin in helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Pest Managment Science, 60, 167-172.
  20. Kranthi, K.R., D.R. Jadhav, S. Kranthi, R.R. Wanjari, S.S. Ali, and D.A. Russell. (2002). Insecticide resistance in five major insect pests of cotton in India. Crop Protection, 21, 449-460.
  21. Ahmad, M., M.I. Arif, and Z. Ahmad. (2001). Resistance to carbamate insecticides in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Crop Protection, 20, 427-432.
  22. Ren, X., Z. Han, and Y. Wang. (2002). Mechanisms of Monocrotophos resistance in Cotton Bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera ( Hubner). Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, 51, 103-110.
  23. Torres-Vila, L.M., M.C. Rodriquez-Molina, A. Lacasa-Plasencia, P. Bielza-Lino, and A. Rodriguez-del-Rincon. (2002). Pyrethroid resistance of Helicoverpa armigera in Spain: current status and agroecological perspective. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 93, 55-66.
  24. Kranthi, K.R., Jadhav, D., Wanjari, R., Kranthi, S., Russell, D. (2001). Pyrethroid Resistance and Mechanisms of Resistance in Field Strains of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 94(1), 253-263.
  25. Kranthi, K.R., Jadhav, D.R., Wanjari, R.R., Ali, S.S., Russell, D. (2001). Carbamate and organophosphate resistance in cotton pests in India, 1995 to 1999. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 91, 37-46.
  26. Wu, K., Mu, W., Liang, G., Guo, Y. (2005). Regional reversion of insecticide resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is associated with the use of Bt cotton in northern China. Pest Management Science, 61, 491-498.
  27. Chen, S., Yang, Y., Wu, Y. (2005). Correlation between Fenvalerate Resistance and Cytochrome P450-mediated O-Demethylation Activity in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 98(3), 943-946.
  28. Fakrudin, B., Vijaykumar, Krishnareddy, K.B., Patil, B.V., Kuruvinashetty, M.S. (2004). Status of Insecticide Resistance in Geographical Populations of Coton Bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera in South Indian Cotton Ecosystem During 2002-03. Resistant Pest Management Newsletter, 13(2).
  29. Yang, Y., Wu. Y., Chen, S., Devine, G.J., Denholm, I., Jewess, P., Moores, G.D. (2004). The involvement of microsomal oxidases in pyrethroid resistance in Helicoverpa armigera from Asia. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 34, 763-773.
  30. Bues, R., Bouvier, J.C., Boudinhon, L. (2005). Insecticide resistance and mechanisms of resistance to selected strains of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the south of France. Crop Protection, 24, 814-820.
  31. Yang, E., Yang, Y., Wu, S., Wu, Y. (2005). Relative contribution of detoxifying enzymes to pyrethroid resistance in a resistant strain of Helicoverpa armigera. Journal of Applied Entomology, 129 (9/10), 521-525.
  32. Brevault, T., and Achaleke, J. (2005). Status of pyrethroid resistance in the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, in Cameroon. Resistant Pest Management Newsletter, 15(1), 4-7.
  33. Rao, G.M.V.R., Rao, N.H., Raju, K. (2005). Insecticide Resistance in field populations of American bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera Hub. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Resistant Pest Management Newsletter, 15(1), 15-17.
  34. Xu, X., Yu, Y., Wu, Y. (2005). Disruption of a Cadherin Gene Associated with Resistance to Cry1Ac delta-Endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis in Helicoverpa armigera. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 71(2), 948-954.
  35. Gunning, R. V., Easton, C. S., Greenup, L. R. and Edge, V. E. (1984). Pyrethroid resistance in Heliothis armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Australia. J. Econ. Entomol., 77, 1283-87.
  36. Ahmad, M. and A. R. McCaffery. (1988). Resistance to insecticides in a Thailand strain of Heliothis armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) J. Econ. Entomol., 81, 45-48.
  37. Anon. 1974a. .
  38. . (1969). Report of the Fourth Session of the FAO Working Party of Experts on Resistance of Pests to Pesticides. FAO, Rome 1968.
  39. Goodyer, G. J. and Greenup, L. R. (1980). A survey of insecticide resistance in the cotton bollworm, Heliothis armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in New South Wales. Gen. Appl. Enotomol., 2, 37-39.
  40. McCaffery, A. R., King, A. B. S., Walker, A. J. and El-Nayir, H. (1989). Resistance to synthetic pyrethroids in the bollworm, Beliothis armigera from Andhra Pradesh, India. Pestic. Sci., 27, 65-76.
  41. McClanahan, R.J. (1974). Communication to FAO.
  42. Pasfield, G.A. (1974). Communication to FAO.
  43. Rimes, G.D. (1974). Communication to FAO.
  44. Smirnova, A.A. and Sookhoroochenko, F.I. (1974). Communication to FAO.
  45. Tang, Z. H., Gong, K. Y. and You, Z. P. (1988). Present status and countermeasures of insecticide resistance in agricultural pests in China. Pestic. Sci., 23, 189-198.
  46. Twine, P. H. and Kay, I. R. (1973). Heliothis species and DDT resistance. Queensl. Agric. J., 99, 520-22.
  47. Wangboonkong, S. (1986). Field trial on chemical control for the cotton bollworm, Heliothis armigera Hubner, in Thailand. Cotton Conference, Coolangatta, Queensland, Australia, August, 1986.
  48. no entry in FAO bibliography.
  49. Ahmad, Mushtaq, Denholm, Ian, and Bromilow, Richard H. (2006). Delayed cuticular penetration and enhanced metabolism of deltamethrin in pyrethroid-resistance strains of Helicoverpa armigera from China and Pakistan. Pest Management Science, 62, 805-810.
  50. Gunning, R. V., Moores, G. D., Jewess, P., Boyes, A. L., Devonshire, A. L., and Khambay, B. P. S. (2007). Use of pyrethroid analogues to identify key structural features for enhanced esterase resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Pest Management Science, 63, 569-575.
  51. Djihinto, A.C., Katary, A., Prudent, P., Vassal, J.M., Vaissayre, M. (2009). Variation in Resistance to Pyrethoids in Helicoverpa armigera From Benin Republic, West Africa. Journal of Economic Entomology, 5, 1928-1934.
  52. Achaleke, J., Martin, T., Ghogomu, R.T., Vaissayre, M., Brevault, T. (2009). Esterase-mediated resistance to pyrethoids in field populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Central Africa. Pest Management Science, 65, 1147-1154.
  53. Aheer, G.M., Aziz, M.A., Hameed, A., Ali, A. (2009). Evaluation of resistance to different insecticides in field strains of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Punjab, Pakistan. Entomological Research, 39, 159-167.
  54. Tan, J., McCaffery, A.R. (2007). Efficacy of various pyrethroid structures against a highly metabolically resistant isogenic strain of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from China. Pest Management Science, 63, 960-968.
  55. Kay, I.R. (1977). Insecticide Resistance in Heliothis Armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in areas of Queensland, Australia. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 16, 43-45.
  56. Achaleke, J., Brevault, T. (2010). Inheritance and stability of pyrethroid resistance in the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Central Africa. Pest Management Science, 66, 137-141.
  57. Barale, A., Hema, O., Martin, T., Suraporn, S., Audant, P., Sezutsu, H., Feyereisen, R. (2010). Multiple P450 genes overexpressed in deltamethrin-resistant strains of Helicoverpa armigera . Pest Management Science , 66, 900-909.
  58. Cameron, P.J., Walker, G.P., Herman, T.J.B. (1995). Development of resistance to fenvalerate in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Crop Horticultaral Science, 23, 429-436.
  59. T. Brevault, J. Achaleke, S.P. Sougnabe, and M. Vaissayre. (2008). Tracking pyrethroid resistance in the polyphagous bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Lipidoptera: Noctuidae), in the shifting landscape of a cotton-growing area . Bulletin of Entomological Research , 98, 565-573.
  60. D. Wang, W. Qiu, X. Ren, F. Niu, K. Wang . (2009). Resistance selection and biochemical characterization of spinosad resistance in Helicoverpa armigera. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 95, 90-94.
  61. Avilla, C., Gonzalez-Zamora, J. (2010). Monitoring resistance of Helicoverpa armigera to different insecticides used in cotton in Spain . Crop Protection , 29, 100-103.
  62. Tan, J., McCaffery, A.R. (2007). Efficacy of various pyrethroid structures against a highly metabolically resistant isogenic strain of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from China. Pest Management Science, 63, 960-968.

Location(s) Where Resistance is Reported

  1. Australia
  2. China
  3. Cote d'Ivoire
  4. India
  5. Indonesia
  6. Pakistan
  7. Portugal
  8. Tajikistan
  9. Thailand
  10. Canada -- Ontario
  11. Australia -- Western Australia
  12. Australia -- Queensland
  13. Australia -- New South Wales
  14. Cote d'Ivoire -- Center/North
  15. West Africa -- Bouake
  16. England -- New South Wales
  17. Cote d'Ivoire -- Bouake
  18. India -- Nagpur
  19. India -- Wardha
  20. India -- Amaravati
  21. India -- Akola
  22. India -- Parbhani
  23. India -- Yavatmal
  24. India -- Maharashtra -- Buldana
  25. India -- Nanded
  26. India -- Warangal
  27. India -- Andhra Pradesh -- Medak
  28. India -- Andhra Pradesh -- Karimnagar
  29. India -- Andhra Pradesh -- Khammam
  30. India -- Guntur
  31. India -- Prakasam
  32. India -- Rangareddy
  33. India -- Mahbubnagar
  34. India -- Coimbatore
  35. India -- Dharwad
  36. India -- Punjab -- Bhatinda
  37. India -- Haryana -- Dabwali
  38. India -- Sirsa
  39. Pakistan -- Punjab
  40. Pakistan -- Sindh
  41. China -- Jiangsu -- Najing
  42. Spain -- Extremadura -- Lacara
  43. Spain -- Extremadura -- La Orden-II
  44. Spain -- Extremadura -- Olivenza
  45. Spain -- Murcia -- Balsicas-I
  46. Spain -- Murcia -- Torreblanca
  47. Spain -- Murcia -- Dolores de Pacheco
  48. Spain -- Murcia -- Bullas
  49. Spain -- Murcia -- Torre-pacheco
  50. Spain -- Andalucia -- Dos Hermanas
  51. Spain -- Andalucia -- Hinojos
  52. Spain -- Castilla -- La Mancha -- Malpica
  53. Spain -- Extremadura -- La Orden-III
  54. Spain -- Cataluna -- San Fausto
  55. Spain -- Cataluna -- Maresme
  56. Spain -- Extremadura -- La Orden-IV
  57. Spain -- Navarra -- Cadreita
  58. China -- Henan -- Yanshi City
  59. India -- Maharashtra -- Nagpur
  60. India -- Maharashtra -- Amaravati
  61. India -- Maharashtra -- Akola
  62. India -- Andhra Pradesh -- Warangal
  63. India -- Andhra Pradesh -- Guntur
  64. India -- Tamil Nadu -- Coimbatore
  65. India -- Haryana -- Sirsa
  66. India -- Uttar Pradesh -- Varanasi
  67. India -- Karnataka -- Bangladore
  68. India -- Karnataka -- Bangalore
  69. India -- Maharashtra -- Yavatmal
  70. India -- Andhra Pradesh -- Prakasam
  71. India -- Andhra Pradesh -- Rangareddy
  72. India -- Andhra Pradesh -- Mahbubnagar
  73. India -- Karnataka -- Dharwad
  74. China -- Henan -- Zhengzhou
  75. China -- Henan -- Xinxiang
  76. China -- Shandong -- Dezhou
  77. China -- Hebei -- Cixian
  78. China -- Hebei -- Langfang
  79. China -- Beijing -- Haidian
  80. China -- Shandong -- Dongying
  81. China -- Hebei -- Suning
  82. China -- Hebei -- Tangxian
  83. China -- Hebei -- Yongnian
  84. China -- Hebei -- Hejian
  85. China -- Hebei -- Shijiazhuang
  86. China -- Liaoning -- Shenyang
  87. China -- Shandong -- Taian
  88. China -- Liaoning -- Liaoyang
  89. China -- Shandong -- Linquing
  90. China -- Shandong -- Xiajin
  91. China -- Shandong -- Changdao
  92. China -- Hebei -- Hengshui
  93. China -- Shandong -- Linqing
  94. Pakistan -- Multan
  95. China -- Hebei -- Handan County
  96. China -- Shandong -- Yanggu County
  97. India -- Nalgonda
  98. India -- Madhira
  99. India -- Raichur
  100. India -- Mysore
  101. India -- Madurai
  102. India -- Kovilpatti
  103. Cambodia -- lab selected
  104. Pakistan -- Lahore
  105. France -- lab selected
  106. Cameroon -- Mora
  107. Cameroon -- Bogo
  108. Cameroon -- Mokong
  109. Cameroon -- Gobo
  110. Cameroon -- Kaele
  111. Cameroon -- Guider
  112. Cameroon -- Bibemi
  113. Cameroon -- Djalingo
  114. Cameroon -- Ngong
  115. Cameroon -- Gaschiga
  116. Cameroon -- Tchollire
  117. Cameroon -- Sorombeo
  118. Cameroon -- Sud Vina
  119. India -- Andhra Pradesh -- Rayalaseema region
  120. China -- lab selected
  121. China -- Anhui -- Hexian County
  122. China -- Hunan -- Henyang
  123. Pakistan -- Bhakkar
  124. Pakistan -- R. Y Khan
  125. Pakistan -- Sahiwal
  126. Pakistan -- Hasalpur
  127. Pakistan -- Khanewal
  128. Pakistan -- Muzaffargarh
  129. Pakistan -- Piplan
  130. Pakistan -- Lodhran
  131. Pakistan -- Bahawalnagar
  132. Pakistan -- Sadiqabad
  133. Pakistan -- Faisalabad
  134. Pakistan -- Okara
  135. Pakistan -- Bahawalpur
  136. Pakistan -- Hyderabad
  137. Pakistan -- Khanpur
  138. Pakistan -- Kaghan
  139. Pakistan -- R. Y. Khan
  140. Australia -- New South Wales and Queensland
  141. Benin -- North Region -- Angaradebou
  142. Benin -- Central Region -- Agblakindji
  143. Benin -- North Region -- Mareborou
  144. Benin -- North Region -- Gounin
  145. Benin -- South Region -- Sekou
  146. Benin -- North Region -- Komiguia
  147. Benin -- Central Region -- Driji
  148. Benin -- North Region -- Okpara
  149. Benin -- Central Region -- Savalou
  150. Benin -- North Region -- Thya
  151. Benin -- Central Region -- Agblakindji
  152. Benin -- North Region -- Okpara
  153. Benin -- Central Region -- Gobe
  154. Benin -- Central Region -- Savalou
  155. Benin -- North Region -- Anandana
  156. Benin -- Central Region -- Agblakindji
  157. Benin -- North Region -- Okpara
  158. Benin -- North Region -- Angaradebou
  159. Benin -- Central Region -- Agblakindji
  160. Benin -- North Region -- Okpara
  161. Benin -- North Region -- Okpara
  162. Benin -- Central Region -- Thui
  163. Benin -- South Region -- Dan
  164. Benin -- South Region -- Adjaouere
  165. Benin -- Central Region -- Gobe
  166. Benin -- North Region -- Okpara
  167. Benin -- North Region -- Angaradebou
  168. Benin -- North Region -- Gomparou
  169. Cameroon -- Northern -- Gaschiga -- crop field
  170. Cameroon -- Northern -- Home -- crop field
  171. Chad -- Sorga -- crop field
  172. Cameroon -- North -- Tchollire -- crop field
  173. Cameroon -- North -- Pitoa -- crop field
  174. Cameroon -- North -- Pitoa -- crop field
  175. Cameroon -- North -- Pitoa -- crop field
  176. Cameroon -- North -- Gaschiga -- crop field
  177. Cameroon -- Southwestern -- Foumbot -- crop field
  178. Cameroon -- North -- Mokong -- crop field
  179. Cameroon -- North -- Guider -- crop field
  180. Cameroon -- North -- Djalingo -- crop field
  181. Cameroon -- North -- Ngong -- crop field
  182. Cameroon -- North -- Gaschiga -- crop field
  183. Cameroon -- North -- Gaschiga -- crop field
  184. Cameroon -- North -- Tchollire -- crop field
  185. Cameroon -- North -- Pitoa -- crop field
  186. Cameroon -- North -- Gaschinga -- crop field
  187. Cameroon -- North -- Ngong -- crop field
  188. Cameroon -- North -- Pitoa -- crop field
  189. Pakistan -- Punjab -- Faisalabad
  190. Pakistan -- Punjab -- Bahawalpur
  191. Pakistan -- Punjab -- Multan
  192. Pakistan -- Punjab -- Bahawalpur
  193. Pakistan -- Punjab -- Faisalabad
  194. Pakistan -- Punjab -- Multan
  195. Pakistan -- Punjab -- Bahawalpur
  196. Pakistan -- Punjab -- Multan
  197. Pakistan -- Punjab -- Faisalabad
  198. Pakistan -- Punjab -- Bahawalpur
  199. Pakistan -- Punjab -- Multan
  200. Pakistan -- Punjab -- Faisalabad
  201. Pakistan -- Punjab -- Multan
  202. Pakistan -- Punjab -- Bahawalpur
  203. Pakistan -- Punjab -- Faisalabad
  204. Pakistan -- Punjab -- Multan
  205. Pakistan -- Punjab -- Bahawalpur
  206. China -- Jiangsu -- Fengxie -- field
  207. Australia -- Queensland -- Bowen -- field
  208. Australia -- Queensland -- Cambooya -- field
  209. Australia -- Queensland -- Brookstead -- field
  210. Australia -- Queensland -- Redland Bay -- field
  211. Australia -- Queensland -- Mareeba -- field
  212. Australia -- Queensland -- Bundaberg -- field
  213. Australia -- Queensland -- St. George -- field
  214. Australia -- Queensland -- Capella -- field
  215. Cameroon -- Nord -- Gaschiga
  216. Cameroon -- Nord -- Gaschiga -- GS-SEL
  217. West Africa -- Burkina Faso
  218. New Zealand -- Gisborne Region -- Gisborne
  219. New Zealand -- Hawkes Bay Region -- Hawkes Bay
  220. New Zealand -- Gisborne Region -- Gisborne
  221. Cameroon -- Djalingo
  222. Cameroon -- Gaschiga
  223. Cameroon -- Djalingo
  224. Cameroon -- Gaschiga
  225. Cameroon -- Djalingo
  226. Cameroon -- Gaschiga
  227. Cameroon -- Gaschiga
  228. Cameroon -- Djalingo
  229. China -- Shandong
  230. Spain

Other Reference

Google Search for helicoverpa armigera


 
United States Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State Research and Extension ServiceInsecticide Resistance Action CommitteeMichigan State University ExtensionWERA-60