spodoptera littoralis

Profile

Order	Family	Common Name(s)	Group	Host
lepidoptera	noctuidae	egyptian cotton leafworm, army worm	AG	alfalfa, cotton, potato, vegetables

Shown Resistance to Active Ingredient(s)

1. Bacillus thuringiensis (var. unspecified)
2. Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai
3. DDT
4. Pyrethroids - Unspecified In Literature
5. acephate
6. azinphos-methyl
7. carbaryl
8. chlorpyrifos
9. cypermethrin
10. deltamethrin
11. diflubenzuron
12. endrin
13. fenitrothion
14. fenvalerate
15. flucythrinate
16. leptophos
17. methamidophos
18. methidathion
19. methomyl
20. monocrotophos
21. parathion
22. parathion-methyl
23. permethrin
24. profenofos
25. sulprofos
26. tebufenozide
27. teflubenzuron
28. toxaphene
29. triazophos
30. trichlorfon

Citation(s) of Resistance

1. Smafhe, G., and D. Degheele. (1997). Comparitive toxicity and tolerance for the ecdysteroid mimic tebufenozide in a laboratory and field strain of cotton leafworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 90(2), 278-282.
2. Ishaaya, I., and M. Klein. (1990). Response of Susceptible Laboratory and Resistant Field Strains of Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Teflubenzuron. Journal of Economic Entomology, 83(1), 59-62.
3. Muller-Cohn, J., J. Chaufaux, C. Buisson, N. Gilois, V. Sanchis, and D. Lereclus. (1996). Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Resistance to Cry IC and Cross-Resistance to Other Bacillus thuringiensis Crystal Toxins. Journal of Economic Entomology, 89(4), 791-797.
4. Hassan, M. H., Maher Ali, A. and El-Sawi, M. S. (1970). In: Georghiou 1974.
5. Atallah\', Y. H. (1971). Status of carbaryl and DDT resistance in laboratory-reared Egyptian cotton leafworm. J. Econ. Entomol., 64, 1018-21.
6. El-Deeb, W. M., Zidan, A. H., Mariy, F. M., Subiha, A. K. and Hassanein, A. A. (1984). Pattern of cross-resistance to certain insecticides found in fenvalerate and flucythrinate resistant strain of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.). Intern. Pest Control., 26, 102-04.
7. El-Guindy, M. A., Madi, S. M., Keddis, M. E., Issan, Y. H. and Adbel0Satto, M. M. (1982). Development of resistance to pyrethroids in field populations of the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis Boisd. Int. Pest Control., 24, 6-11.
8. El-Nawawy, A. S., Abbassy, M. A., Ashry, M., Anbr, H. and Abou-Donia, M. B. (1981). Insecticide resistance in different strains of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.). Proc., 4th Arab Pesticide Conf. Tanta Univ. III
9. El-Sayed, M. M. (1973). Personal communication. (Data In: Georghiou, 1974.).
10. Holden, J. S. (1979). Absorption and metabolism of permethrin and cypermethrin in the cockroach and the cotton leafworm larvae. Pestic. Sci., 10, 295.
11. Ingram, W. R. (1975). Improving control of the vegetable armyworm. PANS, 21, 162-67.
12. Ishaaya, I. And Klein, M. (1990). Response of susceptible laboratory and resistant field strains of Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to teflubenzuron. J. Econ. Entomol., 83, 59-62.
13. Issa, Y. H., Keddis, M. E., Ayad, F. A., Abdel-Sattar, M. and El-Guindy, A. M. (1986). Survey of resistance to organophosphorous insecticides in field strains of the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) during 1980-1984 cotton growing season. Bull. Entomol. Soc. Egypt, Econ. Ser., 0(14), 399-404.
14. Klein, M., Levski, S. and Keren, S. (1982). Comparative toxicity of several insecticides to eggs, larvae and adults of the Egyptian cottonworm, Spodoptera littoralis, in laboratory trilas. Phytoparasitica, 10, 13-20.
15. Maher Ali, A., Bishara, R. H., El-Sawy, M. S., Hussein, M., Abdel Kader, M. M., Abdel Salam, F. A. and Izak, I. (1962). Agric. Res. Rev. Egypt, 40, 51-70.
16. Mahran, A. A. (1981). Studies on insecticide resistance in insects. M. Sc. Thesis, Univ. of Alexandria, Egypt.
17. Oden, T. (1974). Communication to FAO.
18. Shaaban, A. M., Abo-Elghar, M. R., Abdel-Mohymen, M. R. and El-Malla, M. A. (1985). Resistance of the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis to certain insecticides. Z. Pflkrankh. Pflanzenschutz., 92, 69-75.
19. Tomizawa, C. and Maher Ali, A. 1967. In: Brown 1971.
20. Vermes, P. 1968. In: FAO 1969.
21. Zyngas, J. Ph. 1974. Communication to FAO.

Location(s) Where Resistance is Reported

1. Cyprus
2. Egypt
3. France
4. Israel
5. Turkey

Other Reference

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